Consequences of Prejudice

Question 1

Attributional ambiguity

Answer 1

People in stereotyped groups can experience difficulty interpreting feedback from others

Question 2

Negative feedback

Answer 2

“Did I do poorly? Or is the person giving prejudiced feedback?”

Question 3

Positive feedback

Answer 3

“Did I do well? Or does the person giving feedback want to compensate for their biases?”

Question 4

Attributional ambiguity was assessed using other groups and the strongest findings were for…

Answer 4

people who are obese

Question 5

Steele’s hypothesis on stereotype threat

Answer 5

Fears that one will confirm the stereotype about one’s group interferes with performance.
Becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 6

Example of stereotype threat

Answer 6

If a woman is taking a math test and thinking about the stereotype that women are not as good at math compared to men, she might get anxiety. These thoughts might impair her performance

Question 7

Ways to manipulate stereotyped threat

Answer 7

1. Telling participants that the test is diagnostic (or not)
2. Making the social category salient
3. Making the stereotype salient

Question 8

Stereotype threat is evoked when participants are told that the test is ________

Answer 8

diagnostic

Question 9

What does it mean to make the social category salient?

Answer 9

Self-reporting race/gender before test.
Being the only person in that category present
Competing against the “better” category

Question 10

What does it mean to make the stereotype salient?

Answer 10

Making the stereotype known can evoke stereotype threat.

Davies study

Question 11

Stereotype threat creates _______ interference

Answer 11

cognitive

Question 12

Why can stereotype threat become a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 12

Worrying that you will do bad on a test because of the stereotype can interfere with performance and bring about the effect you were trying to avoid

Question 13

Ways to reduce stereotype threat

Answer 13

Saying the test is not diagnostic 
Not emphasizing social category 
Self-affirmation 
Emphasizing growth mindset 
Learning about stereotype threat

Question 14

Contact hypothesis

Answer 14

One of the first theories aimed to reduce prejudice.

Increased contact between members of various social groups can be effective in reducing prejudice between them

Question 15

Cognitive hypothesis assumes that…

Answer 15

prejudice stems from ignorance

Question 16

Based on Stephan’s review, racial desegregation in schools…

Answer 16

did not reduce stereotypes and prejudice

Question 17

Although the contact hypothesis was unsuccessful for racial desegregation in schools it was successful among…

Answer 17

Military, social assisted housing projects, and roommates of different races

Question 18

5 critical conditions that must be met if the contact hypothesis is successful:

Answer 18

1. The groups must be equal in status
2. Personal interaction among individual members
3. Contact with more than one member of the out-group
4. Engage in cooperative activities
5. Social norms favour intergroup contact

Question 19

1. Groups must be equal in status

Answer 19

In the specific context they must be equal even if they are not in society.

Ex; In university dorms everyone is a first year

Question 20

2. Personal interaction

Answer 20

Not interacting but being in the same place will just exacerbate differences

Question 21

3. Contact with more than one member

Answer 21

Interacting with more members will make it more difficult to subtype, thus more likely to change stereotypes

Question 22

4. Engage in cooperative activities

Answer 22

If the group works together and succeed, barriers will be broken down and positive contact will be facilitated

Question 23

5. Social norms favour intergroup contact

Answer 23

Groups have to WANT to be there. This was missing during the desegregation of schools because the decision was imposed

Question 24

What is an example of engaging in cooperative activities?

Answer 24

The Jigsaw classroom

Question 25

The Jigsaw classroom

Answer 25

Cooperative learning method, interracial groups work together.

Question 26

Common in-group identity model

Answer 26

Prejudice will be decreased if people view themselves as members of the same social identity

Question 27

Changing cultures to decrease prejudice

Answer 27

Rules against prejudice will become internalized overtime because people look to social norms

Question 28

Internal motives for overcoming prejudice

Answer 28

“Because of my personal values, I believe that using stereotypes is wrong”

Question 29

External motives for overcoming prejudice

Answer 29

“I try to act non-prejudiced because of pressure from others”

Question 30

Internal motives are…

Answer 30

better predictors of behaviour

Question 31

Two studies proven to change implicit attitudes

Answer 31

Joystick study and saying “no” to stereotyping study