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Science Yr8 > Sound Waves > Flashcards

Sound Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Amplifier

A

A device for making a louder sound

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2
Q

Amplify

A

To increase the amplitude of a sound so that it sounds louder

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

The distance from the middle to the top of a wave

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4
Q

Audible range

A

The range of frequencies that you can hear.

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5
Q

Auditory canal

A

That passage in the ear from the outer ear to the ear drum.

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6
Q

Auditory nerve

A

An electrical signal travels along the auditory nerve to the brain.

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7
Q

Cochlea

A

Snail-shaped tube in the inner ear with the sensory cells that detect sound.

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8
Q

Compression

A

The part of a longitudinal wave where the air particles are close together.

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9
Q

Crest

A

The top of wave

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10
Q

Decibel

A

A commonly used unit of sound of intensity or loudness (dB)

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11
Q

Diaphragm

A

The part of the microphone that vibrates when a sound wave hits it.

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12
Q

Ear

A

The organ of the body that detects sound

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13
Q

Eardrum

A

A membrane that transmits sound vibrations from the outer ear to the middle ear.

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14
Q

Echo

A

A reflection of a sound wave by an object

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15
Q

Energy

A

Energy is needed to make things happen

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16
Q

Hertz

A

the unit of frequency (Hz)

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17
Q

Infrasound

A

Sound below a frequency of 20Hz

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18
Q

Inner ear

A

The semi-circular canals that help you to balance, and your cochlea

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19
Q

Kilohertz

A

1 kilohertz (KHz) = 1000 Hertz (Hz)

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20
Q

Longitudinal

A

A wave where the vibrations are in the same direction as the direction as the direction the waves.

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21
Q

Loudness

A

How loud you perceive a sound of certain intensity to be.

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22
Q

Medium

A

The material that affects light or sound by slowing it down or transfer the wave

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23
Q

Microphone

A

A device for converting sound into an electrical signal

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24
Q

Middle ear

A

The ossicles (small bones) that transfer vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear

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25
Q

Oscillation

A

Something that moves backwards and forwards

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26
Q

Oscilloscope

A

A device that enables you to see electrical signals, like those made by a microphone.

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27
Q

Ossicles

A

The small bones of the middle ear (hammer, anvil and stirrup) that transfer vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window

28
Q

Outer ear

A

The pinna, auditory canal, and eardrum

29
Q

Oval window

A

The membrane that connects the ossicles to the cochlea

30
Q

Pinna

A

The outside part of the ear that we can see

31
Q

Rarefaction

A

The part of a longitudinal wave where the air particles are spread out

32
Q

Receiver

A

The device that absorbs the sound waves

33
Q

Reflected wave

A

A wave that is reflected from a surface

34
Q

Reflection

A

The change in direction of a ray or wave after it hits a surface and bounces of

35
Q

Reverberation

A

The persistence of a sound for a longer period than normal

36
Q

Speed of light

A

The distance light travels in one second (300 million m/s)

37
Q

Speed of sound

A

The distance sound travels in one second (330 m/s)

38
Q

Superpose

A

When waves join together so that they either add up or cancel each other out

39
Q

Transmitter

A

A device that gives out light or sound

40
Q

Transverse

A

The vibrations are at right angles to the direction the wave moves

41
Q

Trough

A

The bottom of a wave

42
Q

Ultrasound

A

Sound at a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz, beyond the range of human hearing

43
Q

Vacuum

A

A space where there is no matter

44
Q

Vibration

A

Backwards or forwards motion of the parts of a liquid or solid

45
Q

Vocal chords

A

The pieces of skin that vibrate to produce sound

46
Q

What is sound?

A

Sound is a mechanical method of transferring energy between stores. Sound can be described by its intensity which is how loud or soft it is. Sound can also be described by its frequency which is how high or low pitched the sound is.

47
Q

How does sound travel?

A

Sounds are made when an object vibrate. Sound travels because the vibrating object makes nearby particles vibrate. Sounds need a medium to travel through, it cannot pass through a vacuum.

48
Q

Why are soundwaves longitudinal waves?

A

Soundwaves are called longitudinal because the particles vibrate in the same direction as the wave travels.

49
Q

What is a wave length?

A

The wavelength is the distance between the same point on one wave and the next. The wave length decreases if the pitch increases and the opposite for low pitch

50
Q

What is compression?

A

Air particles are close together

High pressure

51
Q

What is rarefaction?

A

Air particles are further apart

Low pressure

52
Q

What does frequency equal

A

Frequency equals the number of waves per second

53
Q

What is the leak or crest?

A

The point of maximum positive displacement

54
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Rest position

55
Q

How is the loudness of a sound wave shown?

A

On an oscilloscope trace the loudness of a sound is shown by half the height of the wave. This is called the amplitude. The larger the amp,itude of the wave on the trace the louder the sound is.

56
Q

How is the pitch of a wave shown?

A

A sound can be high or low, this is the pitch of the sound.The greater the frequency of the waves on the trace, the higher the pitch.

57
Q

What does sound travel the fastest through?

A

Sound waves travel fastest through solids. The particles in a solid are closer together than in a gas and are more tightly bound than a liquid. This means vibrations are more easily passed from particle to particle and so sound travels faster.

58
Q

How is speed calculated?

A

Speed = distance/time

59
Q

What are humans hearing ranges?

A

Humans can only hear a certain range of frequencies. The range of frequencies a person can hear is called a hearing range. Hearing range can be tested using a pitch sweep, where the frequency is gradually increased. The average healthy human has a hearing range or 20Hz to 20,000Hz.

60
Q

What happens to our hearing as we get older?

A

As we get older, our ability to hear high pitched sounds deteriorates because we are exposed to more sound and the hair cells on the cochlea can’t regenerate when they’re damaged. Shopkeepers use this to their advantage and a device called a mosquito has been developed which emits a frequency of around 20,000Hz this can annoy the younger generation and stop them from loitering around the shop. Some human rights activists say that this is discrimination against young people.

61
Q

Different animals hearing ranges:

A 
Dolphin: 70Hz-150,000Hz
Bat: 1000Hz - 150,000Hz
Mouse: 100H- 100,000Hz
Cat: 100Hz-60,000Hz
Dog: 49Hz-45,000Hz
Elephant: 1Hz-20,000Hz
Human: 20Hz - 20,000Hz
Grasshopper: 2000Hz - 18,000Hz
62
Q

The outer ear:

A

The outer ear consists of the parts which are exposed on the outside of the head. The most obvious part is the pinna, which is made of flexible cartilage covered with skin. This funnels sound waves down the ear canal to the ear drum which is made from very thin skin so it can vibrate with the sound.

63
Q

The middle ear

A

The middle ear contains three small bones called the ossicles which amplify the vibrations and transmit them from the ear drum to the oval window. The rest of the space is filled with air. The ear drum needs to form a perfect seal if it is to respond to the smallest vibrations. But the middle ear cannot be completely closed, otherwise a change in pressure on the outside ,such as when we dive into a pool or go up in a plane, might burst the ear drum. The middle ear is therefore connected to the throat by the eustation tube, and this means that the air pressure inside the ear can be matched to the outside.

64
Q

The inner ear

A

The oval window transmits vibrations to the cochlea, which is filled with fluid. The cochlea contains nerve endings, which are stimulated by the vibrating fluid and send impulses to the brain. The brain then interprets these impulses as sound.

65
Q

What does tinnitus cause?

A

Painful ringing in the ear

Science Yr8 (26 decks)

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