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NBB Test 1 > Somatosensory Pathways > Flashcards

Somatosensory Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Loss of pain

A

Analgesia

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2
Q

Loss of touch

A

Anesthesia

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3
Q

Temporary mild pain, “pins and needles, tingling, burning, prickling”

A

Paresthesias

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4
Q

Chronic intense pain “shooting, stabbing or electric shock-like jolts”

A

Neuropathic Pain/Central Pain

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5
Q

Subsystem for processing different kinds of stimuli (physics/chemistry, receptor specificity and labeled line/pathway)

A

Modality

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6
Q

What are the three major long pathways in the CNS?

A

Corticospinal tract (CST), Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus System (DCMLS), and Spinothalamic Tract (STT)

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7
Q

The segregation of nerve cell axons that process the distinct stimulus attributes that comprise a particular modality

A

Parallel pathways

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8
Q

Responsible for fine touch, vibration, and proprioception

A

Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus System (DCMLS)

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9
Q

Responsible for pain, temperature, and crude touch

A

Spinothalamic Tract

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10
Q

Lowest stimulus strength a subject can detect

A

Sensory Threshold

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11
Q

Determined by the sensitivity of the receptors (i.e. minimum energy required to generate action potential)

A

Sensory Threshold

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12
Q

Slowly adapting

-Detects static qualities of stimulus

A

Tonic

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13
Q

Rapidly adapting

-Detects dynamic qualities of stimulus

A

Phasic

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14
Q

The minimal interstimulus distance required to perceive two simultaneously applied stimuli as distinct (spatial resolution)

A

Two point discrimination

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15
Q

Resolution is determined by

A

Density of receptors and receptive fields

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16
Q

The region in sensory space within which a specific stimulus elicits the greatest action potential response

A

Receptive fields

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17
Q

Area of skin innervated by a single dorsal root ganglion but differ among individuals

A

Dermatomes

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18
Q

Axons making up a dorsal root originate from several different peripheral nerves is a reason for

A

Overlap of Dermatomes

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19
Q

Detects muscle length

A

Muscle spindle

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20
Q

Detects muscle tension

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

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21
Q

A single dorsal root ganglion contains many types of

A

Sensory Neurons

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22
Q

Which receptor type is associated with proprioception

A

Muscle Spindle

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23
Q

Which receptor types are associated with touch?

A

Merkel, Meissner, Pacinian, and Ruffini Cells

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24
Q

Where is the termination of the DCMLS?

A

Postcentral gyrus (Primary somatosensory cortex)

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25
Q

What is the pathway relay #2 for DCMLS?

A

Thalamus (Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus (VPL))

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26
Q

What is the decussation of the DCMLS?

A

Caudal medulla (internal arcuate fibers)

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27
Q

What is the pathway of relay #1 for DCMLS?

A

Dorsal column nuclei (Internal arcuate fibers)

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28
Q

What is the modality of DCMLS?

A

Discriminative touch, vibration, and proprioception

29
Q

Provides touch and vibration from the face to cortex

A

Trigeminal mechanosensory system

30
Q

What type of organization is there for the DCMLS in the spinal cord?

A

Somatotropic Organization

31
Q

Somatosensory Homunculus Parallels the

A

Motor homonucleus

32
Q

Each of the 4 regions of the primary somatosensory cortex contains a separate and complete map of the

A

COntralateral body surface

33
Q

Principle of cortical processing that allows the brain to find patterns common to stimuli of a particular class

A

Feature Detection

34
Q

Posterior Parietal Cortex Connects to Motor Cortex for Association and is Involved in

A

Attention

35
Q

Secondary Somatosensory Cortex (SII) Connects to Limbic System for

A

Tactile learning and Memory

36
Q

In the epidermis and are responsible for pain and temperature

A

Nociceptors

37
Q

Each thermoreceptive neuron only expresses a single type of

A

Temperature receptor

38
Q

Thermoreceptors adapt. Cold and warm receptors fire mostly during changes of

A

Temperature

39
Q

Free nerve endings are the receptors for

A

Pain and temperature

40
Q

Unmyelinated free nerve endings are the receptors for

A

Pain, temperature, and itch

41
Q

Crosses over to the opposite side as soon as it enters the spinal cord

A

Spinothalamic system

42
Q

What is the point of termination for the spinothalamic tract?

A

Postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex)

43
Q

What is the pathway relay #1 for spinothalamic system?

A

Spinal dorsal horn

44
Q

What is pathway relay #2 for the spinothalamic system?

A

Thalamus (VPL and Reticular Formation)

45
Q

Where is the decussation of the spinothalamic pathway?

-takes 2 levels to traverse

A

At segmental levels

46
Q

What is the modality of the spinothalamic tract?

A

Pain, temperature, and crude touch

47
Q

Where does the DCMLS cross over?

A

Medulla

48
Q

Where does the STT cross over?

A

Spinal cord

49
Q

Touch/proprioception from the body crosses over in the

A

Medulla

50
Q

Pain/temperature from the body crosses over in the

A

Spinal cord

51
Q

Touch/proprioception from the face crosses over in the

A

Pons

52
Q

Pain/temperature from the face crosses over in the

A

Medulla

53
Q

The spinocerebellar tract for proprioception involves

A

Large diameter sensory neurons

54
Q

Goes from the lower limbs to ipsilateral cerebellum

A

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

55
Q

Goes from upper limbs to ipsilateral cerebellum

A

Cuneocerebellar Tract

56
Q

Goes from lower limbs (interneurons), decussates twice, to ipsilateral cerebellum

A

Anterior Spinocerebellar Tract

57
Q

Goes from upper limbs (interneurons) to the ipsilateral cerebellum

A

Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract

58
Q

Present as an ipsilateralloss of muscle coordination.

-However, the spinocerebellar pathways are unlikely to be damaged in isolation

A

Lesions of spinocerebellar tracts

59
Q

Degeneration of dorsal columns causing impaired sensation and proprioception and progressive sensory ataxia

A

Tabes Dorsalis

60
Q

Tabes dorsalis is caused by

A

Tertiary syphilis infection

61
Q

Demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, and spinocerebellar tracts causing ataxic gait, paresthesia, impaired position and vibration sense

A

Subacute combined degeneration from Vitamin B12 or E deficiency

62
Q

Hemisection on the left side of the spinal cord at C5 is called

A

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

63
Q

What is affected in Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

A

Pain/temp from right side and touch/vibration from left

64
Q

Change position relative to eachother as they traverse the neuraxis

A

DCMLS and STT

65
Q

If the touch/vibration and pain/temp symptoms are on the same side of body, than the lesion must be

A

Above the medulla

66
Q

If the touch/vibration and pain/temp symptoms are on the opposite side of body, than the lesion must be

A

In the Spinal Cord

67
Q

Cause sensory as well as motor deficits

A

Spinal Cord Lesions

68
Q

Amputation causes change in

A

Cortical Representation

69
Q

Reorganization of somatosensory cortex occurs in amputees so that neurons that used to be innervated by limb now respond to stimulation of other body parts. This is referred to as

A

Phantom Limbs and Phantom Pain

NBB Test 1 (20 decks)

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