Neural Development

Question 1

Soon after gastrulation, neurulationbegins and results in the formation of a dorsal, ectoderm-derived

Answer 1

Neural Tube

Question 2

This neural tube is completed by the end of

Answer 2

Week 4

Question 3

The neural tube forms the neurons* and neuroglia in the

Answer 3

Brain and spinal cord of CNS

Question 4

Neural tube formation occurs with induction of ectoderm by

Answer 4

Notochord factors

Question 5

Neural tube formation occurs with induction of ectodermby notochord factors so that developing neuroectoderm cells organize in the midline as a thickening called the

Answer 5

Neural Plate

Question 6

The neural plate folds to form a depression called the

-Has bilateral neural folds

Answer 6

Neural groove

Question 7

The neural fold edges fuse in the dorsal midline to form the

Answer 7

Neural tube

Question 8

With bi-directional fusion of the neural tube, the final step of neurulation is

Answer 8

Neuropore closure

Question 9

May occur with defective closure of neuropores during week 4 with resulting defective formation of skull, vertebrae, meninges, neural tissues

Answer 9

Neural Tube Defevts (NTDs)

Question 10

Cleft skull and spine due to defective closure of entire neural tube

Answer 10

Craniorachischisis

Question 11

Defective formation of cranial vault and exposure of brain to amniotic fluid, which leads to degeneration

Answer 11

Anencephaly

Question 12

Anencephaly is due to a defective closure of the

Answer 12

Cranial neuropore

Question 13

A mild defect in the fusion of vertebral arches without herniation of underlying neural tissue

Answer 13

Spina bifida Occulta

Question 14

A defect in the fusion of vertebral arches WITH herniation of underlying neural tissue

Answer 14

Spina bifida Cystica

Question 15

Screening for severe NTDs is accomplished by measuring for elevated levels of

Answer 15

Alpha-fetoprotein (amniotic fluid or maternal serum) or Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (amniotic fluid 15-20 weeks)

Question 16

Most neural tube defects can be prevented with sufficient amounts of

Answer 16

Folic acid supplementation

Question 17

Associated with a range of growth deficiencies/structural defects in brain, face, heart and/or intellectual disabilities and/or behavioral issues

Answer 17

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Question 18

Severe end of FASD characterized by low nasal bridge and short nose with smooth philitrum and thin upper lip

Answer 18

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 19

Separates the neural tube into dorsal and ventral halves

Answer 19

Sulcus Limitans

Question 20

Lines the neural tube lumen/neural canal

Answer 20

Neuroepithelium

Question 21

Neuropeithelial cells proliferate and differentiate into

Answer 21

CNS neuroblasts (primitive neurons)

Question 22

Once neuroblasts form, they lose their ability to

Answer 22

Divide

Question 23

The future gray matter of the spinal cord is the

Answer 23

Mantle layer

Question 24

The future white matter of the spinal cord is the

Answer 24

Marginal layer

Question 25

Bilateral dorsal thickenings of neuroblasts in the mantle layer make up the

Answer 25

Alar plate

Question 26

Bilateral ventral thickenings of neuroblasts in the mantle layer make up the

Answer 26

Basal Plate

Question 27

The alar plate becomes the

Answer 27

Dorsal horn (sensory area)

Question 28

The basal plate becomes the

Answer 28

Ventral horn (motor area)

Question 29

Neuropeithelial cells also proliferate and differentiate into

Answer 29

CNS glioblasts

Question 30

The future brainregion forms at the rostral end of the neural tube, which develops

1. ) Bumps called?
2. ) Bends called?

Answer 30

1. ) Brain vesicles

2. ) Flexures

Question 31

There are three primary brain vesicles. These are the

Answer 31

Prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 32

There are two flexures among the primary brain vesicles of the neural tube. These are the

Answer 32

Mesencephalic flexure and cervical flexure

Question 33

There are five secondary brain vesicles. These are the

Answer 33

TELENCEPHALON and DIENCEPHALON (forebrain) MESENCEPHALON (midbrain), and the METENCEPHALON and MYELECEPHALON (hindbrain)

Question 34

With the formation of the secondary brain vesicles, appears as a dorsal bend between the metencephalon and myencephalon

Answer 34

Pontine flexure

Question 35

“Sets the table” so that the sensory alar plates are lateral (rather than dorsal) to the motor basal plates along the floor of the 4th ventricle

Answer 35

Pontine flexure

Question 36

The roof of the 4th ventricle becomes

Answer 36

Thin and Membranous

Question 37

The MYELENCEPHALON forms the brainstem’s

Answer 37

Medulla oblongata

Question 38

The MYELENCEPHALON forms the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. What is associated with this region?

Answer 38

CNs IX, X, XI, XII and the 4th ventricle

Question 39

A derivative of the metencephalon’s rhombic lips

Answer 39

Cerebellum

Question 40

The mesencephalon forms the

Answer 40

Midbrain

Question 41

The mesencephalon forms the midbrain. What is associated with this region?

Answer 41

CNs III, IV and Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

Question 42

Forms the optic vesicles (retina, CN II) epiphysis (pineal gland) pituitary(posterior lobe) thalamus andhypothalamus

Answer 42

Diencephalon

Question 43

The diencephalon surrounds the

Answer 43

3rd ventricle

Question 44

The infundibulum is a ventral extension of the DIENCEPHALON that forms the

Answer 44

Posterior pituitary

Question 45

The telencephalon foms the

Answer 45

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 46

The cerebral hemispheres are connected medially by the

Answer 46

Lamina Terminalis

Question 47

Thickenings of telencephalon (adjacent to the diencephalon) form

Answer 47

Basal nuclei

Question 48

The telencephalon is associated with

Answer 48

Cranial Nerve I and lateral ventricles

Question 49

The outer gray matter of the brain and its 6 layers are formed by waves of neuroblast migrations

Answer 49

Cerebral Cortex

Question 50

What is the oldest and deepest layer of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 50

Layer VI

Question 51

Detach from the edges of the developing neural tube and migrate throughout the body to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types

Answer 51

Neural Crest Cells