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NBB Test 1 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Develops from the rhombic lips of the metencephalon

A

Cerebellum

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2
Q

Lies in the posterior cranial fossa deep to the occipital bone and is separated from the cerebrum by the tentorium cerebelli

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

The cerebellum has three anatomical lobes, which are the

A

Anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular lobe

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4
Q

The three anatomical lobes are divided by two fissures, the

A

Primary and posterolateral cerebellar fissures

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5
Q

The cerebellum has three functional vertical zones called the

A

Vermis, Paravermis (PV), and Hemisphere (H, also known as lateral) zones

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6
Q

The cerebellum has three pairs of deep nuclei called the

A

Fastigial, Interposed (globose and emboliform) and dentate nuclei

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7
Q

The cerebellum can be divided into subdivisions based on inputs. It is subdivided into

A

Spinocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum, and vestibulocerebellum

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8
Q

Inputs into the cerebellum have which type of organization?

A

“Fractured” topographic organization

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9
Q

Cerebellar zones and associated deep cerebellar nuclei are responsible for different functions and will influence different

A

Motor Pathways

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10
Q

Function in motor planning for extremities

A

Lateral Hemispheres

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11
Q

Function in distal limb coordination

A

Intermediate (paravermal) hemispheres

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12
Q

Functions in proximal limb and trunk coordination as well as balance and vestibuloocular reflexes

A

Vermis and flocculonodular lobe

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13
Q

The cerebellum is anchored to the brainstem by three peduncles called the

A

Superior, middle, and inferior peduncles

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14
Q

What are the three arteries that supply the cerebellum?

A

Superior cerebellar artery (SCA), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

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15
Q

Modifies motor commands to increase accuracy and allow adaptation of movements

A

Cerebellum

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16
Q

Functions in coordination of voluntary movements and fine motor control

A

Cerebellum

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17
Q

The cerebellum provides feedback, which is sensory information that is used to guide

A

Movement in real time

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18
Q

The cerebellum also provides a proactive process that uses experience to anticipate of a movement should be done. This is called

A

Feed forward

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19
Q

The cerebellum is closely aligned with motor performance, but it DOES NOT

A

Initiate movement or directly control musculature

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20
Q

“Fine tunes” motor output to make fluid movements but does NOT produce movement

A

Cerebellum

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21
Q

Located in the inferior and middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Inputs to the cerebellum

22
Q

Signal moves from the cerebral cortex and synapses at the pontine nuclei before passing to the contralateral middle cerebral peduncle

A

Cerebrocerebellar tract

23
Q

Functions to bring a copy of the planned efferent motor output (corticospinal tract)

A

Corticocerebellar tract

24
Q

Brings afferent information about lower limb sensation to cerebellum

A

Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract

25
Q

Brings afferent information about upper limb sensation to cerebellum

A

Cuneocerebellar tract

26
Q

Brings afferent information about balance, posture, and visual fixations to the cerebellum

A

Vestibulocerebellar Input

27
Q

Functions in cerebellar motor learning and memory

A

Olivocerebellar Tract

28
Q

The cerebellar cortex has 3 layers, each with different types of cells. What are the three layers?

A

Molecular layer, purkinje layer, and Granule layer

29
Q

What are the three cell types in the molecular layer?

A

Stellate and basket cells, and purkinje dendrites

30
Q

Which cells are in the purkinje layer?

A

Purkinje cells

31
Q

Which cells are in the granule layer?

A

Granule and Golgi Cells

32
Q

The general rule is that projections ascending are

A

Excitatory

33
Q

The general rule is that projections descending are

A

Inhibitory

34
Q

Will project to the deep cerebellar nuclei associated with their cerebellar cortex vertical zone

A

Purkinje Cells

35
Q

Will then project out of the cerebellum to their respective places

A

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

36
Q

Outputs from the cerebellum are located in the

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle and the juxtarestiform body

37
Q

Influence motor planning (premotor cortex)

A

Dentate nuclei

38
Q

Influence the motor execution of distal limbs

A

Interposed nuclei

39
Q

Influences motor execution of proximal limbs and trunk (motor cortex and brainstem)

A

Fastigial Nuclei

40
Q

Functions to influence balance and ocular movements

A

Flocculonodular lobe & Inferior vermis

41
Q

Bypasses the deep cerebellar nuclei

A

Flocculonodular lobe & Inferior vermis

42
Q

Movements have a wavering course with truncal and/or appendicular

A

Ataxia

43
Q

Nystagmus and movements that “over-shoot” or “undershoot” are characteristic of

A

Cerebellar lesions

44
Q

Affect mainly distal limb coordination and motor planning

A

Lateral Cerebellar Lesions

45
Q

Affect mainly trunk control, posture, balance and gait

A

Medial Cerebellar Lesions

46
Q

Occur ipsilateral to lesion because cerebellar outputs decussate prior to the thalamus, then motor outputs decussate back to the original side (“double-cross”)

A

Deficits

47
Q

Rare autosomal recessive neuro-degenerative disease with cerebellar ataxia, sensory loss, and muscle weakness

A

Friedreich ataxia

48
Q

Involves degeneration spinocerebellar tracts (cerebellar ataxia), DCMLS (loss of vibration and proprioception) and LCST (UMN symptoms)

A

Friedreich ataxia

49
Q

General ataxia, gait ataxia, affects legs > arms, broad based- staggering gait

A

Anterior lobe syndrome

50
Q

Anterior lobe syndrome is caused by

A

Toxin ingestion

51
Q

Causes Thiamine (B1) deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) memory impairment, confusion, gait ataxia and oculomotor disorders (nystagmus)

A

Anterior lobe syndrome

NBB Test 1 (20 decks)

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