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NBB Test 1 > Neuroimaging > Flashcards

Neuroimaging Flashcards

1
Q

Combines continuous gantry rotation with table motion

A

Helical CT

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2
Q

The density in a CT is expressed in

A

Hounsfield units

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3
Q

Intermediate density similar to the brain

A

Isodense

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4
Q

Better than CT for a subtle area of tumor, infarct, or demyelination

A

MRI

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5
Q

Which is better for a fresh hemorrhage, CT or MRI?

A

CT

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6
Q

Which is better for an old hemorrhage, CT or MRI?

A

MRI

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7
Q

Fast, can scan large areas of the body quickly, and is less costly than an MRI

-Very sensitive to hemorrhage

A

CT

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8
Q

Most effectively used for intracranial hemorrhage, acute trauma, stroke, fractures, and sinusitus

A

CT

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9
Q

CT contrast contains

A

Iodine

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10
Q

Do not use contrast when the concern is an

A

Intracranial hemorrhage (especially subarachnoid)

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11
Q

On CT, hyperdense in sulci, cisterns, and fissures

-ill defined and “whispy”

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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12
Q

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to

A

Hydrocephalus

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13
Q

Collection of blood in potential space b/w skull inner table and dura mater

-Lense shaped

A

Epidural Hematoma

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14
Q

Epidural hematomas do not cross

A

Sutures

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15
Q

Common when an epidural hematoma is present (85-95%)

A

Skull fractures

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16
Q

What fraction of patients with an epidural hematoma have neurological deterioration after the lucid interval?

A

1/3

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17
Q

Thromboembolic events are principal causes of ischemic stroke leading to vascular insufficiency

A

Acute cerebellar infarct

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18
Q

Leads to low density on CT

-Low density takes approximately 4-6 hours to develop

A

Acute cerebellar infarct

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19
Q

In an acute cerebellar infarct, edema peaks at

A

3-7 days

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20
Q

All current MRI techniques based on receiving and processing signals from

A

Protons

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21
Q

At the core of all MRIs is a homogenous

A

Magnetic Field

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22
Q

The magnetic field strength in an MRI is referred to in units of

A

Tesla

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23
Q

1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss units. The Earth’s magnetic field =

A

0.5 Gauss

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24
Q

A sequence is a particular set of parameters used to generate a specific type of

A

Image

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25
Q

Dependent on characteristics and strength of energy released by hydrogen ions

A

T1 and T2 weighting

26
Q

Depends mainly on differences in hydrogen ions in fat and water

A

MRI contrast

27
Q

For T1W images, what is the intensity of

  1. ) Water (CSF)
  2. ) Edema
  3. ) White matter (fat)
  4. ) Gray matter
A
  1. ) Hypointense
  2. ) Hypointense
  3. ) Hyperintense
  4. ) Isointense
28
Q

For T2W images, what is the intensity of

  1. ) Water (CSF)
  2. ) Edema
  3. ) White matter (fat)
  4. ) Gray matter
A
  1. ) Hyperintense
  2. ) Hyperintense
  3. ) Hypointense
  4. ) Isointense
29
Q

Are similar to T2W, but CSF is HYPOintense

A

Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR)

30
Q

Allows for exquisite evaluation of white matter adjacent to ventricles

-I.e. as in multiple sclerosis

A

FLAIR

31
Q

Primary sequence for detection of ischemic (not hemorrhagic) infarct

A

Diffusion Weighted Image (DWI)

32
Q

Hyperintensity on DWI with acute or subacute

A

Infarcts (up to 14 days old)

33
Q

Used as contrast for MRI

-Produces hyperintensity in vessels and areas of blood brain barrier breakdown

A

Gadolinium

34
Q

Gives an exquisite delineation of anatomy and is excellent for the detection of small lesions

A

MRI

35
Q

Excellent for evaluation of posterior fossa structures such as brainstem and cerebellum (CT fraught with artifact)

A

MRI

36
Q

MRIs are contraindicated for patients with a

A

Pacemaker

37
Q

Can be primary or metastatic to the brain

A

Intracranial Lymphoma

38
Q

Caused by HSV-1 infection

-Bilateral and asymmetric

A

Herpes Encephalitis

39
Q

Benign tumor that shows as an extra-axial mass

  • Dural based
  • Arise from the meninges
A

Meningioma

40
Q

More prominent in female than males

A

Meningioma

41
Q

Cytotoxic edema that conforms to vascular territories

A

Acute infarct

42
Q

Autoimmune mediated demyelination

A

MS

43
Q

Loss of myelin with preservation of neurons early, but loss of neurons late

A

MS

44
Q

What are the location of foci for MS?

A

Periventricular, corpus callosum, and brainstem

45
Q

Inferior descent of cerebellar tonsil through foramen magnum > 5mm

A

Chiari I Malformation

46
Q

Associated with cervical cord syrinx, skeletal anomalies (fusion anomalies, skull base flattening, congenital elevation of scapula), syndromes

A

Chiari I malformation

47
Q

apitalizes on creating intensity differences between flowing blood in vessels and stationary tissues

A

MRI angiography

48
Q

Flowing blood or even CSF –> produce signal depending on velocity and imaging parameters

A

MRI angiography

49
Q

Used to image intracranial vessels (COW + venous sinuses), carotid vasculature, vertebral arteries, venous anatomy of neck

A

MRI angiography

50
Q

Vascular malformation with arteriovenous shunting (no intervening capillary bed)

A

Parieto-Occipital AVM

51
Q

Round or lobulated outpouching from COW

-Rupture results in “worst headache of life”

A

Basilar Tip Aneurysm

52
Q

Measures brain neurotransmitters and biochemicals

-Interrogates chemical environment of brain noninvasively

A

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)

53
Q

Used to measure: Amino acids, Lipid, lactate, NAA, Choline, Creatine, and Myoinositol

A

MRS

54
Q

Aids in evaluation of brain tumors, radiation necrosis, infections, metabolic disease

A

MRS

55
Q

Allows assessment of white matter tracts based on water diffusion characteristics along these tracts of axons

A

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

56
Q

Used for evaluation of neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis

A

DTI

57
Q

Assess brain metabolic activity (indirect measure of neuronal discharge) and therefore specific areas of function

A

Functional MRI

58
Q

Uses BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) imaging

-When brain is activated by a task, increase of blood flow we get a signal

A

Functional MRI

59
Q

Catheter inserted via femoral artery and directed into Aorta under fluoroscopy

-Iodinated contrast material injected to visualized vasculature

A

Catheter Angiography

60
Q

Minimally invasive treatment treatment options for conditions involving brain, H + N, and spine

A

Interventional Neuroradiology

61
Q

Used for endovascular treatment and embolization of IC aneurysms, AVMs, dAVFs

A

Interventional Neuroradiology

NBB Test 1 (20 decks)

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