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NBB Test 1 > Neurobiology of Pain > Flashcards

Neurobiology of Pain Flashcards

1
Q

The two nerve fiber types associated with pain are

A

Type a-delta and Type C

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2
Q

Continue to respond at same rate even at higher temps

A

Nonnociceptive Thermoreceptors

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3
Q

Respond at higher temperatures only

A

Nociceptors

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4
Q

Has two temporal elements. A sharp (first) pain, and a second (dull) pain. Which nerve fibers carry:

  1. ) Sharp (first) pain
  2. ) Dull (second) pain
A
  1. ) Type a-delta

2. ) Type C

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5
Q

Block sodium channels to prevent conduction of impulses along C fibers

A

Local Anesthetics

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6
Q

What are the four components of pain?

A
  1. ) Sensory discriminative component
  2. ) Affective motivational component
  3. ) Sensitization
  4. ) Descending control/central modulation
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7
Q

Tells us the location, intensity and quality of noxious stimulation

A

Sensory discriminative component

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8
Q

Depends on pathways that target traditional somatosensory areas of cortex

A

Sensory discriminative component

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9
Q

Tells us the unpleasant quality of the experience and activates the autonomic (fight or flight) reaction

A

Affective motivational component

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10
Q

Depends on additional cortical and brainstem pathways

A

Affective motivational component

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11
Q

Hypersensitivity to protect injured area, promote healing and prevent infection

A

Sensitization Component

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12
Q

Functions to reduce pain perception

A

Descending control/Central modulation component

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13
Q

What are the three anterolateral pathways that transmit nociceptive information?

A

Spinothalamic tract, spinorectal tract, and spinomesencephalic tract

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14
Q

Tells us the discriminative aspects of pain and temperature

A

Spinothalamic Tract

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15
Q

Tells us the emotional and arousal aspects of pain

A

Spinoreticular Tract

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16
Q

Tells us the central modulation of pain

A

Spinomesencephalic Tract

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17
Q

What are the three components of the Spinoreticular tract?

A

Amygdala, Hypothalamus, and Reticular Formation

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18
Q

What are the two components of the spinomesencephalic tract?

A

Periaqueductal gray matter and superior colliculus

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19
Q

Spinoreticular and spinomesencephalic tracts relay to the

A

Midline thalamic and intralaminar nuclei

20
Q

Localization of gray matter decreases in

A

Chronic pain

21
Q

A lesion of the parietal lobe or primary sensory cortex causes

A

Contralateral numb tingling or pain

22
Q

A lesion of the thalamus causes

A

Contralateral burning pain (Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome)

23
Q

A lesion of the DCMLS causes

A

Tingling, numb sensation and a tight band-like sensation around the trunk or limbs

24
Q

The feeling of having gauze on fingers is a sign of a lesion of the

A

DCMLS

25
Q

A DCMLS lesion can result in an electricity sensation down the back and extremities upon neck flexion. This is called

A

Lhermitte’s sign

26
Q

Radicular pain with numbness and tingling in dermatomal distribution (radiculopathy) is a lesion of

A

Nerve roots

27
Q

Recessive mutation in sodium channels causing loss of function lead to

A

Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (CIP)

28
Q

Dormant mutations of sodium channels resulting in gain of function cause

A

Inherited Erythromelaglia (IEM) and Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder (PEPD)

29
Q

Following repeated application of noxious stimuli, neighboring nociceptors that were not responsive now become responsive. This is called

A

Sensitization

30
Q

The phenomenon of stimuli that are normally perceived as slightly painful as significantly more painful

A

Hyperalgesia

31
Q

The induction of pain by what is normally an innocuous stimulus

A

Allodynia

32
Q

Results from changes in sensitivity of peripheral nociceptive receptors and/or central targets

-Protects injured area, promotes healing and prevents infection

A

Sensitization

33
Q

The interaction of nociceptors with the “inflammatory soup” of substances to decrease threshold of activation for nociceptors

A

Peripheral Sensitization

34
Q

Increase response of nociceptive fibers

A

Prostaglandins

35
Q

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) inhibit

-Prevents synthesis of prostaglandins

A

Cyclooxegenase (COX)

36
Q

Found in C fibers and are activated by moderate heat (45C) and capsaicin

A

Vanilloid receptor (VR1) / transient receptor potential (TRPV1) channels

37
Q

Repeated application causes desensitization of C fibers and also depletes Substance P to block peripheral sensitization

A

Capsaicin

38
Q

An immediate, activity dependent increase in the excitability of neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord following high levels of activity in the nociceptive afferents to increase pain sensitivity

A

Central Sensitization

39
Q

Transcription independent (windup) lasts only during stimulation

A

Acute central sensitization

40
Q

Transcription dependent (allodynia) outlast stimulus for hours and can be mediated by COX

A

Chronic Central Sensitization

41
Q

Reduction in threshold for activation by peripheral stimuli

A

Chronic Central Sensitization

42
Q

Chronic Central Sensitization causes the expansion of

A

Receptive field size

43
Q

What are the two forms of descending control of pain perception?

A

Stress-induced analgesia and the placebo affect

44
Q

Effects can be blocked by naloxone, an inhibitor of opiate receptors

A

Placebo pain response

45
Q

The theory that pain results from the balance of activity in nociceptive and non-nociceptive afferents

A

Gate theory of Pain

46
Q

Purposeful lesion in the lateral funiculus from dentate ligament to line of ventral rootlets several segments rostral to highest dermatomal level of pain

A

Cordotomy for Cutaneous pain

47
Q

Visceral pain is also conveyed centrally by neurons that carry

-Called referred pain

A

Cutaneous pain

NBB Test 1 (20 decks)

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