Blood Supply

Question 1

The brain is only about 2% of body weight, yet receives about 15% of total cardiac output and consumes about 20% of total

Answer 1

Oxygen

Question 2

Peripheral arterial supply of the brain is divided into

Answer 2

Anterior and posterior circulations

Question 3

Anterior blood supply is form the

Answer 3

Internal carotid Artery

Question 4

Posterior blood supply is from the

Answer 4

Vertebral artery

Question 5

Anterior and posterior circulations will anastomose to form the

Answer 5

Circle of Willis

Question 6

The circle of Willis will divide into the following arteries to supply the brain:

Answer 6

Anterior cerebral a, Middle cerebral a, and Posterior cerebral a

Question 7

Allows collateral blood flow if there is an occlusion

Answer 7

Circle of Willis

Question 8

Completely balanced circle of Willis present in only about

Answer 8

18% of the population

Question 9

We see hypoplasia of one or both posterior communicating arteries in about

Answer 9

20-30% of the population

Question 10

The anterior circulation (internal carotid artery) will divide into

Answer 10

Anterior and middle cerebral artery

Question 11

The posterior circulation (vertebrobasilar system) will contribute to the

Answer 11

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 12

Supply the anteromedial cortex of the brain, from the frontal lobe to the anterior parietal lobe, where the superior parts of the primary motor and primary sensory cortex are located

Answer 12

Superficial branches of the ACA

Question 13

Supply the anterior portion of the internal capsule and basal ganglia

Answer 13

Deep branches of the ACA

Question 14

Supply the lateral frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, where the inferior parts of the primary motor and sensory cortex are located, as well as language and auditory areas

Answer 14

Superficial branches of MCA

Question 15

Supply a large region of the basal ganglia and internal capsule

Answer 15

Deep branches of the MCA (lenticulostriate arteries)

Question 16

Supply the inferior and medial temporal lobes and the occipital lobes, where the visual cortex is located

Answer 16

Superficial branches of PCA

Question 17

The deep branches of the PCA (thalamoperforator arteries) supply the

Answer 17

Thalamus

Question 18

A medial term referring to regions of the body that receive dual blood supply from distal branches of two large arteries

Answer 18

Watershed Areas (border zones)

Question 19

These areas are vulnerable to ischemia during systemic hypoperfusion

Answer 19

Watershed areas (border zones)

Question 20

Watershed infarcts (WI) account for

Answer 20

10% of all cerebral infarcts

Question 21

Normal cerebral blood flow is about

Answer 21

50ml/100g/min

Question 22

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is dependent on a number of factors that can broadly be divided into those affecting:

Answer 22

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) and those affecting Cerebral Blood Vessels (CBV)

Question 23

What affects CPP?

Answer 23

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

Question 24

What affects the radius of CBV?

Answer 24

Cerebral metabolsim, CO2 and O2, and Neuronal innervation

Question 25

Cerebral blood flow is strongly autoregulated within a range of

Answer 25

CPP

Question 26

At normotension, cerebral blood flow is strongly dependent on the

Answer 26

PaCO2 but not as much on PaO2

Question 27

Cerebral veins will drain superficial brain tissue into dural venous sinuses via

Answer 27

Bridging Veins

Question 28

Formed by the folding of periosteal and meningeal dura mater layers

Answer 28

Dural Venous SInuses

Question 29

The blood in the dural sinuses will ultimately drain into the

Answer 29

Internal Jugular Vein

Question 30

Will travel in the subarachnoid space and drain into dural sinuses using bridging veins

Answer 30

Cerebral Veins

Question 31

A dural sinus on either side of the pituitary gland

Answer 31

The Cavernous Sinus

Question 32

Contents of the cavernous sinus include the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves

Answer 32

III, IV, V1, V2, and VI

Question 33

Venous communication from the face, sinuses, teeth or ears will allows infection to spread to the

Answer 33

Cavernous sinus

Question 34

Infections of the cavernous sinus can lead to cavernous sinus syndrome resulting in deficits in the associated

Answer 34

Cranial Nerves

Question 35

A highly-selective semipermeable membrane that separates the circulating blood from the brain

Answer 35

Blood-Brain barrier

Question 36

This “barrier” results from the selectivity of the tight junctions between endothelial cells in CNS vessels, which restricts the passage of solutes

Answer 36

Blood-brain barrier

Question 37

Areas where the blood-brain barrier has fenestrated capillaries, therefore an interrupted BBB

Answer 37

Circumventricular Organs