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NEEUUUUUURRRRRRROOOOO > Somatosensation II > Flashcards

Somatosensation II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 major pathways of the somatosensory system?

A
  • Dorsal columnar-medial lemniscal system

- Spinothalamic tract

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2
Q

Where does the dorsal columnar-medial lemniscal system receive its input from?

A

Receives input from large diameter myelinated afferent

-Include tactile afferents

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3
Q

Where does the spinothalmic tract receive input from?

A

Receives input from small diameter, thinly unmyelinated axons

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4
Q

What is the spinothalamic tract for?

A

Its for crude touch, pain and temperature sensitivity

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5
Q

Where do the DCML and STT cross?

A

DCML and STT cross the midline at different sites

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6
Q

Whats the ascending pathway mediating sensory aspect of pain for body and face?

A

2nd order neurons decussate and project to ventral posterior nuclear complex of thalamus

  • VPL for body
  • VPM for face
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7
Q

What is pain?

A
  • It is a sensory discriminate

- It is a sensation

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8
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

They are neurons that detect painful stimuli

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9
Q

What is the TRPV1 receptors involved in?

A

The TRPVI receptor is involved in transduction of noxious heat

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10
Q

What are TRPV1 receptors present on?

A

Present on A-delta and C fibers

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11
Q

What is a TRPV1 receptor?

A

It is an ion channel to allow depolarization (Ca2+,Na+)

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12
Q

What is the TRPV1 also activated by?

A

Also activated by capsaicin

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of nociceptor fibers?

A

A delta and c fibers

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14
Q

What do both types of nociceptor fibers contribute to?

A

Both contribute to different aspects of pain sensation

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15
Q

What is the a delta fiber for in terms of pain?

A

A delta fiber is for the fast and first pain

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16
Q

What is the C fiber for in terms of pain?

A

C fiber is for second and slower pain

17
Q

How do we ensure the maintenance of nociceptor activity after injury?

A

Following tissue injury, we get an inflammatory soup of cytokines, prostaglandins and small signalling molecules
-These maintain depolarisation and sensitivity of C fiber terminals after original stimulus

18
Q

Where are dorsal horn inter neurons located?

A

Located in superficial and deep layers of dorsal horn

19
Q

What is the synaptic input for dorsal horn interneurons?

A

Synaptic input from C and A-delta fibers

20
Q

What does it mean by some dorsal horn interneurons being multimodal?

A

Means it receive convergent nociceptive and non-nociceptice inputs

21
Q

Where do some dorsal horn interneurons receive convergent inputs from?

A

Some receive convergent inputs from visceral afferents

22
Q

What is referred pain?

A

It is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimuli

23
Q

What is the cause of referred pain?

A

Happens because of afferents converging with dorsal horn interneurons

24
Q

Why is the cortical representation of pain complex?

A

-STT projects to S1 via VP nuclei of thalamus
-However STT and DCML axons do not converge on the same thalamic neurons as the pathways are
parallel
-S1 is necessary for the localisation of pain but stimulation of S1 gives rise to tactile sensations

25
Q

What is the pain system known as?

A

The pain system is the anterolateral system

26
Q

What can the pain system be divided into and where does this divergence of afferents occur?

A

Can be subdivided into a lateral and medial pain system

-This divergence of afferents occurs at the level of thalamus

27
Q

What is the lateral pain system responsible for?

A

Responsible for sensory-discriminate aspect of pain

28
Q

What does the lateral pain system project via?

A

Project via specific somatosensory thalamic nuclei

29
Q

What is the medial pain system responsible for?

A

Responsible for effective-motivational aspect of pain

30
Q

Where does the medial pain system project via to different cortical area ?

A

Project to different cortical areas via midline thalamic nuclei

31
Q

What is the most effective painkiller known?

A

opioids

32
Q

What are examples of treatment for pain?

A
  • Opiate drugs

- NSAIDS

33
Q

How do NSAID’s work?(Aspirin)

A
  • Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by blocking the activity of the precursor enzyme cyclo-oxygenase
  • This reduces the inflammatory response that sustains C fiber firing
  • Also acts on the hypothalamus and inhibits the generation of pain impulses

NEEUUUUUURRRRRRROOOOO (20 decks)

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