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NEEUUUUUURRRRRRROOOOO > Emotion > Flashcards

Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is emotion?

A
  • Emotional expression
  • Emotional experience
  • Affective neuroscience
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2
Q

What is james lange’s theory of emotion?

A

We experience emotion in response to physiological changes in our body

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3
Q

What is cannon bard’s theory of emotion?

A

We can experience emotion independently of emotional expression

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4
Q

What brain system is responsible for emotions?

A

The broca’s limbic lobe

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5
Q

What is the broca’s limbic lobe?

A

It is a primitive cortical gyuri that form a ring around the brain stem

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6
Q

What does the broca’s limb include?

A
  • The parahippocampal gyrus
  • The cingulate gyrus
  • The subcallosal gyrus
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7
Q

What is the papez circuit?

A

CHECK NOTES

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8
Q

What takes place in the neocortex in terms of emotion?

A

This is where emotional coloring takes place

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9
Q

What do we experience at the cingulate cortex in terms of emotion?

A

This is where we experience emotion

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10
Q

What takes place at the hypothalamus in terms of emotions?

A

This is where emotional expression takes place

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11
Q

What are the regions involved in the limbic system?

A

Regions involved:

  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Parahippocampal structure
  • Septal nuclei
  • Amygdala
  • Entorhinal cortex
  • Hippocampal complex
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12
Q

What does the limbic system appear to have a role in?

A

Appears to have a role in attaching a behavioral significance and response to a stimulus, especially with respect to its emotional content

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13
Q

What is the role of the cingulate gyrus in the limbic system?

A
  • Role in complex motor control
  • Pain perception
  • Social interactions
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14
Q

What is the primary function of the hippocampus and parahippocampal areas in the limbic system?

A

-Primary function in memory

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15
Q

What is the amygdala involved in, in the limbic system?

A

Involved in learning and storage of emotional aspects of experience

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16
Q

What are the difficulties with single emotion system concept?

A
  • Diversity of emotions and brain activity

- Many structures are involved in emotion

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17
Q

What is the amygdala a critical structure for?

A

Critical structure for emotion, in particular:

  • Fear
  • Aggression
  • Anxiety
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18
Q

What is the amygdala formed of?

A

Formed of many nuclei and subnuclei:

  • Corticomedial nuclei
  • Basolateral nuclei
  • Central nucleus
19
Q

Where does the amygdala receive input from?

A

Receives input from the neocortex

20
Q

Where does the basolateral nuclei, in the amygdala, receive information from?

A

Basolateral nuclei receives information from all sensory systems

21
Q

Where does the amygdala output to?

A

Output is to the hypothalamus

22
Q

What is the output to the hypothalamus from the amygdala mediated by?

A

Mediated by:

  • Stria terminalis
  • Ventral amygdalofugal pathway
23
Q

What did animals suffer from when there temporal lobe(temporal cortex, amygdala,hippocampus) was removed?

A

Suffered from:

  • Psychic blindness
  • Oral tendencies
  • Emotional changes
  • Altered sexual behaviour
24
Q

What are the effects of an amygdalectomy?

A
  • Reduced fear
  • Reduced aggression
  • Reduced ability to recognise fearful expression
25
Q

What are the effects of electrical stimulation of the amygdala?

A
  • Increased vigilance
  • Anxiety
  • Fear
  • Aggression
26
Q

How is the amygdala involved in learned fear?

A

Amygdala involved in forming memories of emotional and painful events

27
Q

What confirms learned memory in amygdala?

A

Confirmed by fMRI images and PET imaging

28
Q

What is aggression?

A

Is a multifaceted behaviour

29
Q

What mechanism is aggression?

A

Aggression is an endocrine mechanism

30
Q

What are the 2 brain mechanisms of aggression?

A
  • Predatory aggression

- Affective aggression

31
Q

What is predatory mechanism?

A

Attacks made against a member of a different species to obtain food
-No sympathetic activity

32
Q

What is affective aggression?

A
  • For show, threatening posture
  • Social hierarchy
  • High levels of sympathetic activity
33
Q

What surgeries are available to reduce human aggression?

A
  • Amygdalectomy

- Psychosurgery

34
Q

What are the results of surgery to reduce human aggression?

A
  • Reduced aggressive behaviour

- Relief from anxiety

35
Q

What can the removal of the amygdala do to an animal?

A

The removal of the amygdala can transform the animal from being dominant to subordinate

36
Q

What does the removal of the cerebral hemisphere but not the hypothalamus do in terms of aggression?

A

Leads to rage

37
Q

What does the removal of both cerebral hemispheres and the anterior hypothalamus do in terms of aggression?

A

Leads to rage

38
Q

What does the removal of the posterior hypothalamus as well as both cerebral hemispheres and anterior hypothalamus do in terms of aggression?

A

No rage

39
Q

What does electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus lead to?

A

Leads to effective and predatory aggression

40
Q

What is the hypothalamic pathway to the brainstem involving autonomic function in predatory aggression?

A

Medial forebrain bundle–>Ventral tegmental area

41
Q

What is the hypothalamic pathway to the brainstem involving autonomic function in affective aggression?

A

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus–>Periaqueductal grey matter

42
Q

What is the serotonin deficiency hypothesis?

A

Aggression is inversely related to serotonergic activity

43
Q

What effect does a 5HT antagonist have on aggression?

A

5HT antagonist increases aggression

44
Q

What effect do agonists of 5HT1A and 5HT1B have?

A

Decrease anxiety and aggressiveness

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