Somatic Senses

Question 1

___ occur in the central nervous system (CNS) after sensory stimuli in the internal or external environment generate nerve impulses, which in turn convey information regarding the environmental change to the CNS.

Answer 1

Sensations

Question 2

Sensory receptors can be classified in a number of ways.

They can be classified by mode (e.g., ___ are sensitive to light, ___ are sensitive to certain chemicals, and ___ are sensitive to mechanical changes).

Answer 2

photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors

Question 3

Sensory receptors can also be classified according to their location

(e.g., ___ are located in the skin, ___ are located in the muscles, and ___ are located in deeper tissues [the viscera]).

Answer 3

exteroceptors, proprioceptors, visceroceptors

Question 4

Senses mediated by the sensory receptors of the body can be categorized into two major groups:

Answer 4

the somatic senses and the special senses.

Question 5

The ___ involve elaborate sensory organs such as the eye or ear.

Answer 5

special senses

Question 6

involve less elaborate sensory mechanisms, often just single receptors embedded in skin or muscle tissue.

Answer 6

Somatic senses

Question 7

are somatic senses that are mediated by exteroceptors— sensory receptors in the skin. It includes sensitivity to touch, pressure, heat, cold, vibration, and any other stimulus felt through the skin.

Answer 7

Cutaneous senses

Question 8

___ are thought to outnumber heat receptors.

These two types of thermoreceptors, or “temperature receptors,” are also thought to have different distribution patterns.

Answer 8

Cold receptors

Question 9

Also known as “muscle sense,”

Answer 9

proprioception

Question 10

is the ability to sense the contraction or tension of a muscle organ.

Answer 10

proprioception

Question 11

Receptors for proprioception include stretch receptors called

Answer 11

muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs.

Question 12

It is the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment

Answer 12

Sensation

Question 13

The 4 ways that tells that sensation happens

Answer 13

Stimulus
Sensory receptors
Conducted
Integrate

Question 14

A change in the environment, capable of activating certain sensory neurons, must occur

Answer 14

Stimulus

Question 15

A ___ must convert the stimulus to an electrical signal, which ultimately produces one or more nerve impulses if it is large enough

Answer 15

Sensory receptor

Question 16

The nerve impulses must be ___ along a neural pathway from the sensory receptor to the brain

Answer 16

Conducted

Question 17

A region of the brain must receive and ___ the nerve impulses into a sensation

Answer 17

Integrate

Question 18

are related to sensations we feel through touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and body position.

Answer 18

Somatic senses

Question 19

They help us interact with our environment and are crucial for daily functioning.

Answer 19

Somatic senses

Question 20

Somatic sensation include (4 sensations).

Receptors for these sensations are located in the skin, mucous membrane, muscles, tendons, and joints.

Answer 20

tactile sensations, thermal sensations, pain sensations, and proprioceptive sensations

Question 21

___ , free nerve endings in the epidermis and dermis, adapt to continuous stimulation.

Answer 21

Thermoreceptors

Question 22

include touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position, allowing us to detect and respond to various physical stimuli.

Provide direct feedback from your body, while special senses offer detailed information about your external environment.

Answer 22

Somatic senses

Question 23

, like vision, hearing, taste, smell, and balance, are more complex and involve specific organs like the eyes, ears, tongue, and nose.

Answer 23

Special senses