Organization Of The Body Flashcards
The use of maps and other aids to find a geographical position is called?
Orienteering
In this position, the body is in an erect (standing) posture with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward
Anatomical Position
Is a reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions
Anatomical Position
For a ___-legged animal, the terms dorsal and ventral are commonly used instead of superior and inferior
Four
To the left of the body
Left
To the right of the body
Right
Toward the side; away from the midsagittal plane
Lateral
Toward the midsagittal plan; away from the side
Medial
Toward the front of the body
Anterior
Toward the back (rear) of the body
Posterior
Toward the top of the body
Superior
Toward the bottom of the body
Inferior
Along (or toward) the vertebral surface of the body
Dorsal
Along (toward) the belly surface of the body
Ventral
Toward the tail (four-legged animal)
Caudal
Toward the head (four-legged anima)
Cephalad
Toward the trunk (describes relative position in a limb or other appendage)
Proximal
Away from the trunk or point of attachment
Distal
Toward an internal organ; away from the outer wall (describes position inside a body cavity)
Visceral
Toward the wall; away from the internal structures
Parietal
Toward the inside of a part; away from the surface
Deep
Toward the surface of a part; away from the inside
Superficial
Refers to an inner region, or medulla
Medullary
Refers to an outer region, or cortex
Cortical
Refers to lying face upward
Supine
Refers to lying face downward
Prone
Refers to a part cut along a plane
Section
Is a geometrical concept referring to an imagined flat surface
Plane
Refers to a part cut crosswise
Cross-section
Is a cut made lengthwise
Longitudinal section
Extends from anterior to posterior and superior to inferior, dividing the body into left and right position
Sagittal plane
Refers to a sagittal plane the divides the body into exactly equal left and right portions
Midsagittal plane
Also called coronal plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal plane
Also called a transverse plane, divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Horizontal Plane
Other term for internal organs
Viscera
Are found in any of a number of cavities (spaces) within the body
Viscera
The 2 principal groups of body cavities
Dorsal cavities
Ventral cavities
Divisions of the dorsal cavities
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Division if the ventral cavities
Thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Within the skull. Organ: brain
Cranial cavity
Within the vertebral column. Organ: Spinal cord
Spinal cavity
Within the rib cage
Thoracic cavity
Left one-third and right one-third of the thoracic cavity. Organ: lung
Pleural cavities
Middle one-third of thorax. Organs: heart, trachea, esophagus
Mediastinum
From the diaphragm to the bottom of the trunk
Abdominopelvic cavity
From the diaphragm to the rim of the pelvic bones. Organs: stomach, liver, most of the intestines, pancreas, spleen, kidneys
Abdominal cavity
From the pelvic rim to the floor of the trunk. Organs: portion of the intestines, ovaries, uterus, urinary bladder
Pelvic cavity
Top right region (hypochondriac means “below rib cartilage”)
Right hypochondriac region
Top middle region ____ means “near the stomach”)
Epigastric region
Top left region
Left hypochondriac region
Middle right region (lumbar refers to lumbar vertebrae in lower back)
Right lumbar region
Central region (____ refers to the umbilicus, or navel)
Umbilical region
Middle left region (____ refers to lumbar vertebrae in lower back)
Left lumbar region
Lower right region (____ refers to ilium, the bowl-like part of the hip bone)
Right iliac region
Lower middle region (____ means “below the stomach”)
Hypogastric region
Lower left region
Left iliac region
4 quadrants of abdominopelvic cavity
Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quandrant
Left lower quadrant
These names are useful not only for identifying surface features but also for the underlying muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels
Surface regions
Area overlying the abdominal cavity
Abdominal
Forearm
Antebrachial
Armpit
Axillary
Upper Arm
Brachial
Cheek
Buccal
Wrist
Carpal
Carpal
Wrist
Neck
Cervical
Hip
Coxal
Anterior leg (shin)
Crural
Anterior of elbow
Cubital
Thigh
Femoral
Lateral leg
Fibular (peroneal)
Chin
Mental
NOSE
Nasal
Mouth
Oral
Eye
Orbital
Anterior knee joint
Patellar
Lower front of trunk, between thighs
Pubic
Ankle
Tarsal
Chest
Thoracic
Navel
Umbilical
Heel
Calcaneal
Neck
Cervical
Lateral region between the ribs and pelvis
Flank
Buttocks
Gluteal
Lower back
Lumbar
Posterior of head
Occipital
Posterior knee head
Popliteal
Shoulder blade
Scapular
Calf
Sural
Chest (including upper back through midback)
Thoracic
Skin
Protection, temperature regulation, sensation
Integumentary system
Bones, ligaments
Support, protection, movement, mineral/fat storage, blood protection
Skeletal
Skeletal muscle, tendons
Movement, posture, heat production
Muscular
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs
Control/regulation/coordination of other systems, sensation, memory
Nervous
Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, and other glands
Control/regulation of other systems
Endocrine
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Exchange and transport of materials
Cardiovascular
Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils
Immunity, fluid balance
Lymphatic
Lungs, bronchial tree, trachea, larynx, nasal cavity
Gas exchange, acid-based balance
Respiratory
Stomach, intestine, esophagus, liver, mouth, pancreas
Breakdown and absorption of nutrients, elimination of waste
Digestive
Kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra
Excretion of waste, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance
Urinary
Testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis
Continuity of genetic information
Reproductive male
Ovaries, fallopian rubes, uterus, vagina
Reproduction, nurturing of offspring
Reproductive (female)
