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ANAPHY (lab) > Brain & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

– consists of its major regions which are the brainstem, the cerebellum,
the diencephalon, and the cerebrum.

A

Brain

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2
Q

– connects the spinal cord to the remainder of brain

A

Brainstem

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3
Q

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

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4
Q

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

A

Brainstem

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5
Q

Location:
inferior portion; continuous with spinal cord

Features:
Pyramids – two enlargement at uppermost part (anterior); involved in
conscious control of skeletal muscle

Functions:
regulates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, hiccupping, coughing,
sneezing, balance

A

Medulla oblongata

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6
Q

Location:
superior to medulla oblongata

Features:
Arched Footbridge – anterior surface;
aids in assisting functions of medulla
oblongata

Functions:
serves as functional footbridge between cerebrum & cerebellum, breathing,
swallowing, balance, chewing, salivation

A

Pons

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7
Q

Location:
smallest region;
superior to the pons

Features:
Superior Colliculi – 2 mounds;
involved in visual reflexes & receive
touch & auditory input Inferior

Colliculi – major relay centers for
auditory nerve pathways in CNS

Substantia Nigra – black nuclear mass
that is involved in regulating general
body movements

Functions:
coordinated eye movements, controlling pupil diameter, lens shape

A

Midbrain

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8
Q

a group of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem

Function: regulates cyclical motor function (respiration, walking, chewing)

This is a major component of the Reticular Activating System, which plays an important role in arousing and maintaining consciousness, and in
regulating sleep-wake cycle

A

Reticular formation

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9
Q

Attached to brainstem by several large connections called cerebellar
peduncles; known as “little brain”

A

Cerebellum

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10
Q

Structure: Cortex is composed of gray matter, gyri, and sulci; internally
contains gray nuclei & white nerve tracts

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

Functions: Maintaining balance & muscle tone, coordination of fine motor
movements, learning motor skills

A

cerebellum

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12
Q

CEREBELLUM

___ – a major function which serves as a sensing device that compares the data from two sources – motor cortex & peripheral structures

A

Comparator

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13
Q

– innervated in joints, tendons, and muscles that provide information
about the position of the body; send action potentials to cerebellum

A

Proprioceptive Neurons

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14
Q

located at the surface of cerebrum that is composed of gray matter

Functions: controls thinking, communicating, remembering,
understanding, & initiates involuntary movements

A

Cerebral Cortex

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15
Q

Prominent features of cerebral cortex

– folds on cerebral cortex that greatly increase the surface area

A

Gyri

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16
Q

Prominent features of cerebral cortex

– intervening grooves; shallow indentations

A

Sulci

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17
Q

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

A

o Central Sulcus

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18
Q

separates most of the temporal lobe from the rest of cerebrum

A

Lateral Fissure

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19
Q

largest part consists of cluster of nuclei shaped like a yo-yo

A

Thalamus

20
Q

THALAMUS

centrally connect the two large, lateral parts influences moods & detects pain
(unlocalized)

A

Interthalamic Adhesion

21
Q

influences moods & detects pain
(unlocalized)

A

Thalamus

22
Q

small area superior & posterior to thalamus consists of few small nuclei

A

Epithalamus

23
Q

Epithalamus

an endocrine gland that influences the onset of puberty & controlling some long-term cycles that are influenced by
the light-dark cycle

A

Pineal Gland

24
Q

emotional & visceral response to odors

A

Epithalamus

25
Q

most inferior part; below thalamus

contains several small nuclei

A

Hypothalamus

26
Q

Hypothalamus

– a funnel-shaped stalk that extends from the floor of hypothalamus to
pituitary gland

A

Infundibulum

27
Q

Hypothalamus

– visible swelling on posterior part of hypothalamus that are involved in emotional responses to odors and
memory

A

Mammillary Bodies

28
Q

plays a central role in maintaining
homeostasis, control of body
temperature, hunger, thirst, sexual
pleasures, rage, fear, relaxation
after meal, control the secretion of
hormone from pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

29
Q

largest part of the brain which is divided into right & left hemisphere by
longitudinal fissure

A

Cerebrum

30
Q

(Lobe)

Vital in control of voluntary motor functions, motivation, aggression,
mood, & olfactory reception

A

Frontal lobe

31
Q

(Lobe)

principal center for receiving & consciously perceiving most sensory
information such as touch, pain, temperature, and balance

A

Parietal Lobe

32
Q

(Lobe)

functions in receiving and perceiving visual input

A

Occipital Lobe

33
Q

(Lobe)

Involved in olfactory & auditory sensations; plays an important role
in memory

Psychic Cortex: anterior & inferior portion of temporal lobe associated with abstract thought & judgment

A

Temporal Lobe

34
Q

Deep within the lateral fissure; it processes interoception – the
sensory information on physiologic condition of body (heartbeat & blood pressure regulation & gastric motility)

A

Insula / Fifth Lobe

35
Q

What are the cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

36
Q

Olfaction (sense of smell)

A

Olfactory

37
Q

Vision

A

Optic

38
Q

Controls upper eyelid muscles; controls superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye; controls ciliary muscle of the eye and sphincter in the iris

A

Oculomotor

39
Q

Controls superior oblique muscle of the eye

A

Trochlear

40
Q

Controls chewing movements

Ophthalmic branch: sensation around the eye

___ branch: sensation from eye to upper jaw and throat

___ branch: sensation in mandibular region

A

Trigeminal

Maxillary
Mandibular

41
Q

Controls lateral rectus muscle of the eye

A

Abducens

42
Q

Controls facial muscles; controls secretion of tears and saliva; taste (anterior two-thirds of tongue)

A

Facial

43
Q

Vestibular branch: sense of equilibrium
Cochlear branch: hearing

A

Vestibulocochlear

44
Q

Controls salivation; controls swallowing muscles; taste (posterior third of tongue); blood pressure sensation

A

Glossopharyngeal

45
Q

Controls swallowing muscles; control and sensation in various visceral effectors and receptors

A

Vagus

46
Q

Controls some head, neck, and shoulder movements

A

Accessory

47
Q

Controls tongue muscles (swallowing and speech)

A

Hypoglossal

ANAPHY (lab) (21 decks)

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