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Anatomy > Somatic Nervous System > Flashcards

Somatic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

The nervous system is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body.

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2
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Neuron is the functional unit of the nervous system.

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3
Q

What is a neuron composed of?

A

Cell body, dendrites and axon

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4
Q

What are the major types of neuron?

A

bipolar
multipolar
pseudounipolar

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5
Q

What does dendrite do?

A

receive information

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6
Q

What does exon do?

A

pass info to another neuron or to organ

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7
Q

What are the four types of neuroglial cells found in the CNS?

A

astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes

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8
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

make myelin sheath

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9
Q

What are characteristics of myelin sheath?

A

myelin is lipid and protein substance

secreted by Schwann cells (glial cell) around some axons

increase velocity of impulse conduction

some exons are myelinated and some aren’t

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10
Q

Describe peripheral nerves?

A

Peripheral nerves are resilient as protected by 3 layers of connective tissue coverings.

Outer layer is epineurium

Fascicle with many axons is covered in perineurium

axon covered in endoneurium and inside endoneurium is myelin sheath gap

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11
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

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12
Q

What is a myotome?

A

part of muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve

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13
Q

Muscle myotome ?

A

One muscle myotome may involve multiple spinal segments

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14
Q

Where is T10 landmark on body?

A

umbilicus

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15
Q

Where is T4 landmark on body?

A

nipple

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16
Q

How many motor neurons does a spinal nerve has?

A

multiple

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17
Q

What is a motor end plate?

A

neuromuscular junction where the axonal synaptic act meets muscle.
There is synaptic cleft and neurotransmitters get released.
Receptors on muscle surface

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18
Q

How to tell the difference between grey and white matter?

A

The white matter is composed of bundles of myelinated axons (few cell bodies) that connect various grey matter regions.

Gray matter is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies and other cells such as glia and dendrites.

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19
Q

What can we divide the nervous system into?

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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20
Q

What does central nervous system involve?

A

brain and spinal cord

21
Q

What are root value of brachial plexus?

A

c5 to T1

22
Q

What does somatic part involve?

A

supplying somatic muscle and skin
has motor and sensory component

23
Q

What does visceral part involve?

A

has motor and sensory component

24
Q

How do you differentiate between somatic and visceral?

A

Visceral (motor)- involuntary- controlled by autonomic NS
somatic (motor) - voluntary control
somatic (sensory)- pain / touch / temperature / proprioception etc skin

25
Q

What does somatic motor fibre do?

A

regulates voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.

26
Q

What does somatic sensory fibre do?

A

transmits general sensation (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception etc.) to the CNS.

27
Q

What plexus is formed by spinal nerve?

A

brachial plexus

28
Q

Where does brachial plexus supply?

A

upper limb

29
Q

What plexus does spinal nerve form?

A

lumbosacral plexus
-formed from ventral ramii

30
Q
A
31
Q

Lumbar sacral plexus root value?

A

L1 to S4

32
Q

What is dorsal root ganglia made up off?

A

cell bodies

33
Q

Implication of ventral root damaged?

A

motor functions

34
Q

Implication of dorsal root damaged?

A

sensory loss

35
Q

What function would be lost at spinal nerve level?

A

both - motor and sensory loss

36
Q

Implications of damage to ventral ramus?

A

motor and sensory loss of anterolateral trunk and limbs (plexus supplies limb and made from ventral ramus)

37
Q

Implications of damage to dorsal ramus?

A

motor and sensory loss of the back.

38
Q

What fibres does spinal nerve also carry?

A

Sympathetic fibres

39
Q

Describe the spinal nerve?

A

short in length
Spinal nerve exits through intervertebral foramen.

40
Q

What is back pain caused by?

A

spinal nerve compression

41
Q

What is a somatic reflex?

A

Due to sensory stimuli , emotional response is produced in our body automatically

42
Q

Describe somatic reflex arc?

A

starts with receptors in skin
sensory neuron to interneuron to motor neuron
then action

43
Q

What happens if radial nerve is damaged?

A

back of arm and forearm muscles are supplied by radial nerve
they are extensors of elbow and wrist

43
Q

How does paralysis (loss of movement) or weakness of the affected muscles come about?

A

Damage to lower motor neuron cell bodies or their peripheral axons

44
Q

Where do upper and lower motor neurons synapse?

A

anterior horn

45
Q

Why would there be an inability to lift wrist or fingers?

A

radial nerve injury ,extensor weakness

46
Q

How to diagnose loss of function?

A

nerve damage- combine with muscle and consequence of joint

47
Q
A

Anatomy (14 decks)

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