Muscle and Nerves Pre Practical Lecture Flashcards
What are the functions of muscle?
movement
static support
heat production
What are the classifications of muscle?
Circular (mouth)
Multipennate (deltoid)
Parallel (sartorius muscle)
Unipennate (Extensor digitorum longus)
Bipennate (Rectus femoris)
Fusiform (Biceps brachii)
Flat (anterolateral abdominal wall)
What is an agonist?
muscle in action
What is an antagonist?
works in opposition to agonist
What is a synergist?
Collaborators/ augment the action of agonist
What is a fixator?
stabiliser
How many attachments do skeletal muscles have ?
2 attachments (proximal/origin and distal/insertion)
What is an insertion?
end of muscle that attaches to moving bone
How do skeletal muscle exert their actions?
acting across joints they cross
What is contraction?
the insertion area moves towards the origin
What is flexion?
reduction in angle / bending of a joint
What is extension?
lengthening or unbending of a joint
What plexus supplies upper limb?
brachial plexus (c5 to T1)
What plexuses supply lower limb?
lumber plexus (L1-L4) and sacral plexus (L4-S4) supply the lower limb
What are axial muscles innervated segmentally by?
spinal nerve segments
(part of spinal cord with a pair of spinal nerves)
What muscles act on joints?
muscles passing over that joint
some pass over more than one joint
What is external oblique?
The external oblique muscle is one of the outermost abdominal muscles, extending from the lower half of the ribs around and down to the pelvis.
What is rectus abdominis?
Long muscle of the anterior abdominal wall
What is internal oblique?
Muscle of the anterior abdominal wall
What is transversus abdominis?
The transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle is the deepest of the 6 abdominal muscles. It extends between the ribs and the pelvis, wrapping around the trunk from front to back
Describe skeletal striated muscle?
striated; its long, thin, multinucleated fibres are crossed with a regular pattern of fine red and white lines,
What is the order of connective tissue?
epimysium (outer sheath of connective tissue)
to
muscle fassicle (perimysium)
to
muscle fibre (in endomysium)
to
myofibrils
(actin and myosin)
What separates limb muscles?
tough connective tissue called septa
What similarities do muscles in same compartments have?
The muscles in a compartment often perform similar functions, cross across the same joints and are supplied by the same nerve.
What are the compartments of the arm and forearm?
anterior and posterior
What are the compartments of the thigh?
anterior, posterior and medial
What are the compartments of the leg?
anterior , posterior and lateral
How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?
31 pairs
What is a dermatone?
Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
What are the important dermatone landmarks ?
T2 – skin over sternomanubrial joint
T4 – skin over the nipples
T10 – skin over the umbilicus
L1 – skin over the groin (inguinal) region
How many muscle fibres does motor neuron supply?
multiple
