Muscle and Nerves Pre Practical Lecture

Question 1

What are the functions of muscle?

Answer 1

movement
static support
heat production

Question 2

What are the classifications of muscle?

Answer 2

Circular (mouth)
Multipennate (deltoid)
Parallel (sartorius muscle)
Unipennate (Extensor digitorum longus)
Bipennate (Rectus femoris)
Fusiform (Biceps brachii)
Flat (anterolateral abdominal wall)

Question 3

What is an agonist?

Answer 3

muscle in action

Question 4

What is an antagonist?

Answer 4

works in opposition to agonist

Question 5

What is a synergist?

Answer 5

Collaborators/ augment the action of agonist

Question 6

What is a fixator?

Answer 6

stabiliser

Question 7

How many attachments do skeletal muscles have ?

Answer 7

2 attachments (proximal/origin and distal/insertion)

Question 8

What is an insertion?

Answer 8

end of muscle that attaches to moving bone

Question 9

How do skeletal muscle exert their actions?

Answer 9

acting across joints they cross

Question 10

What is contraction?

Answer 10

the insertion area moves towards the origin

Question 11

What is flexion?

Answer 11

reduction in angle / bending of a joint

Question 12

What is extension?

Answer 12

lengthening or unbending of a joint

Question 13

What plexus supplies upper limb?

Answer 13

brachial plexus (c5 to T1)

Question 14

What plexuses supply lower limb?

Answer 14

lumber plexus (L1-L4) and sacral plexus (L4-S4) supply the lower limb

Question 15

What are axial muscles innervated segmentally by?

Answer 15

spinal nerve segments
(part of spinal cord with a pair of spinal nerves)

Question 16

What muscles act on joints?

Answer 16

muscles passing over that joint
some pass over more than one joint

Question 17

What is external oblique?

Answer 17

The external oblique muscle is one of the outermost abdominal muscles, extending from the lower half of the ribs around and down to the pelvis.

Question 18

What is rectus abdominis?

Answer 18

Long muscle of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 19

What is internal oblique?

Answer 19

Muscle of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 20

What is transversus abdominis?

Answer 20

The transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle is the deepest of the 6 abdominal muscles. It extends between the ribs and the pelvis, wrapping around the trunk from front to back

Question 21

Describe skeletal striated muscle?

Answer 21

striated; its long, thin, multinucleated fibres are crossed with a regular pattern of fine red and white lines,

Question 22

What is the order of connective tissue?

Answer 22

epimysium (outer sheath of connective tissue)
to
muscle fassicle (perimysium)
to
muscle fibre (in endomysium)
to
myofibrils
(actin and myosin)

Question 23

What separates limb muscles?

Answer 23

tough connective tissue called septa

Question 24

What similarities do muscles in same compartments have?

Answer 24

The muscles in a compartment often perform similar functions, cross across the same joints and are supplied by the same nerve.

Question 25

What are the compartments of the arm and forearm?

Answer 25

anterior and posterior

Question 26

What are the compartments of the thigh?

Answer 26

anterior, posterior and medial

Question 27

What are the compartments of the leg?

Answer 27

anterior , posterior and lateral

Question 28

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?

Answer 28

31 pairs

Question 29

What is a dermatone?

Answer 29

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 30

What are the important dermatone landmarks ?

Answer 30

T2 – skin over sternomanubrial joint
T4 – skin over the nipples
T10 – skin over the umbilicus
L1 – skin over the groin (inguinal) region

Question 31

How many muscle fibres does motor neuron supply?

Answer 31

multiple