Back Muscles Flashcards
What muscles does the back attach to?
head
upper limb
thorax
abdomen
hips
lower limb muscles
What are the two major groups for back muscles and their functions?
extrinsic- upper limb movement and respiration
intrinsic- can be divided into three major groups
-superficial, intermediate and deep layers
-superficial: neck region
-intermediate: main big muscles of back
maintain posture
control movement of vertebral column
What muscles cause flexion of the vertebral column?
muscles in front of vertebral column
(Rectus abdominis and psaos Major)
What muscles cause extension of vertebral column?
muscles behind vertebral column
(erector spinae)
What movements only need unilateral function of muscles?
rotation and lateral flexion
What muscles cause rotation of vertebral column?
muscles with oblique fibre orientation
(external oblique, internal oblique and erector spinae)
What muscles causes lateral flexion?
erector spinae, external and internal oblique
Describe the anterior abdominal wall muscles?
3 large and flat muscles with different fibre orientation:
external oblique
internal oblique (opposite direction)
transverse abdominus (horizontal fibres)
AND rectus abdominus
What movements are anterior abdominal wall muscles responsible for?
anterior flexion , lateral flexion and rotation of trunk
What are the 3 main muscles in posterior abdominal wall muscles?
Illiacus, psoas major, quadratus lumborum
What movements do posterior abdominal wall help with?
( still in front of vertebral column ) anterior flexion and lateral flexion of spine
Describe the erector spinae?
chief extensor of vertebral column (When acts bilaterally) and divided into three columns (iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis)
and does lateral flexion when acting unilaterally
What kind of pathological changes happen in the vertebral column of the back?
Dehydration of intervertebral discs (ageing) and becomes more rigid and shock absorption capacity reduced
Intervertebral discs get thinner and so vertebral body edges get closer together. In movement, in too close a position with each other
Osteoarthritis- Bony spur around vertebra - painful when making movements
Ageing and pathological changes in the body of the vertebra?
thickness of the spongy part inside the vertebra gets reduced and this is called osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis to do with calcium absorption and resorption capacity. Compression fractures altering the curvature of the spine
age related weakness of back muscles and disability in older population- loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function
