Embryology 1.2

Question 1

What if mitochondria or cell organelles from mother are abnormal?

Answer 1

all of the offspring of that couple are going to have affected mitochondria or organelles.

Question 2

What is the ball of cells that is formed from the zygote dividing?

Answer 2

morula

Question 3

Why does a morula need to become a blastocyst?

Answer 3

inner core cells are not getting enough nutrition

Question 4

Describe the formation of a blastocyst?

Answer 4

cavity develops called the blastocystic cavity

cells accumulate at one end to form an inner cell mass

the outer lining of cells is called the trophoblast

Question 5

How does the formation of the blastocyst improve access to nutrients?

Answer 5

diffusion now happens between the outside into this blastocyst cavity.
Nutrition in cavity can they diffuse into cell mass.

Question 6

What do cells in inner cell mass go onto form?

Answer 6

they are going to divide and form the cells forming the baby

Question 7

What are trophoblastic cells going to go on and form?

Answer 7

sacs, membranes and placenta

Question 8

What is function of placenta?

Answer 8

take over the function of nourishing the baby

Question 9

Give characteristics of the endometrium?

Answer 9

large no. blood vessels which grow larger and larger and endometrial layer becomes thicker as the days progress.
And under the influence of hormones that are secreted from the ovary.

Question 10

Where does shedding of endometrial lining exit?

Answer 10

cervix and then ovary

Question 11

Describe the fallopian / uterine tubes?

Answer 11

goes out laterally until it ends in finger like processes called fimbriae.
Finger like processes are sitting very close to, but not touching the ovary.

Question 12

What happens when ovum is released from ovary?

Answer 12

the finger like processes capture the ovum and the ovum then enters into the uterine tube.

Question 13

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 13

happens in uterine tube, upper outer end

Question 14

How long for the zygote (as it’s dividing) to move through uterine tubes into uterine cavity?

Answer 14

5 days

Question 15

Where is blastocyst going to locate in week 2?

Answer 15

going to implant itself into the endometrium and will stay there for the next 39 weeks

Question 16

How long does first, second division of the zygote usually take?

Answer 16

36 hours
and then second takes 24 and then 12 hours and then more and more rapid

Question 17

What is causing the fertilised ovum, the zygote, to be able to move across the uterine tube?

Answer 17

uterine tubes lined by ciliated epithelium

Question 18

When would ciliated epithelium get damaged?

Answer 18

some kind of an infection or an inflammation of the reproductive tract

Question 19

Describe what happens in pelvic inflammatory disease?

Answer 19

`inflammation in lining of ciliated epithelium
healing occurring by fibrosis and possibly damage or loss of ciliated epithelium.
Zygote no longer able to move down uterine tube

Question 20

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 20

fertilised ovum and later the embryo is implanting somewhere anywhere outside the uterine cavity.

Question 21

What is tubal pregnancy?

Answer 21

embryo implanted in uterine tube