Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position?
Standing upright and facing forward.
Upper limbs hang at either side, and the palms face forward.
The feet are parallel to one another, and the toes point anteriorly.
What is the anatomical position?
A standard universal body reference position for all relational terms.
What is the (sagittal) mid sagittal / median plane?
A vertical plane that passes longitudinally through the body’s centre. Cuts the body into left and right halves
What is coronal/ frontal plane?
vertical plane that divides body into front section (anterior) and back section (posterior)
What is transverse plane?
Horizontal line that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections.
What is oblique plane?
Does not align with other planes
Meaning of anterior?
Also known as ventral - refers to the front
Meaning of posterior?
Also known as dorsal- refers to the back.
Meaning of medial?
means towards the midline
Meaning of lateral?
away from the midline
Meaning of superior?
Also known as cranial- closer to the head
Meaning of inferior?
Also known as caudal - closer to feet
Meaning of proximal?
The termsproximalanddistalare used in structures that areconsidered to have a beginning and an end.
proximal means closer to its origin
Meaning of distal?
The termsproximalanddistalare used in structures that areconsidered to have a beginning and an end.
distal means further away.
What is unilateral and bilateral?
Involving one side of the body and both sides of the body.
What is ipsilateral and contralateral?
on same side of body and opposite sides of body.
What is parietal and visceral?
Relating to a body cavity wall and Relating to organs
What is left and right based off?
patients left and right
what does prone mean?
lying on stomach
what does supine/ recumbent mean?
lying on back
what does trunk mean?
body minus the four limbs
what is the median?
midline of body/structure
what is superficial?
nearer the surface of the body or structure
What is deep/internal?
further from the surface or body structure
What is included in upper limb?
Shoulder
Arm: shoulder to elbow
Forearm: elbow to wrist
Wrist
Hand
What is included in lower limb?
Gluteal region
Thigh: Gluteal region to knee
Leg: Knee to ankle
Ankle
Foot
Opp of flexion?
extension
Opp of abduction?
Adduction
Opp of medial rotation?
Lateral rotation
What is circumduction?
movement of body region in circular manner.
Combination of flexion,extension,abduction and adduction. Appendage describes a cone.
What is opp of pronation?
supination
Opp of elevation?
depression
What is opp of protraction?
retraction
What is opp of dorsiflexion?
plantarflexion
Describe flexion and extension?
Flexion refers to bending forwards or anteriorly, reducing the anterior angle, creating flexion.
Extension refers to bending backwards and increasing the anterior angle, creating the extension.
Describe abduction and adduction?
Movements towards (adduction) or away (abduction) from the midline of the body.
Describe lateral and medial rotation?
Internal rotation movement towards the midline creates a medial rotation.
External Rotation movement away from the midline of the body creates lateral rotation.
Describe supination and pronation?
Refers only to the forearm
Occur at at radio-ulnar joints
Supination- radius parallel with ulna
pronation-radius rotates over ulna
(Scapula movement) What is elevation?
movement in a superior direction
e.g. shoulder shrug
(Scapula movement) What is depression?
movement in an inferior direction
(Scapula movement) What is protraction?
Forward movement of the shoulder
(Scapula movement) What is retraction?
backward movement of the shoulder
What is dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are terms used to describe movements at the ankle
What is the dorsum of the foot?
is the superior surface of foot
What is the plantar surface of the foot?
the sole
What is dorsiflexion?
backwards -bending motion of the dorsum of the foot so that the foot points more superiorly.
What is plantarflexion?
flexion of the ankle/foot so that the plantar surface of the foot points inferiorly.
What are inversion and eversion?
Inversionandeversionare movements of the foot, referring to the rotation of the foot around its long axis. (Does not involve the ankle joint but rather small joints of the foot below the ankle joint).
What is inversion?
Inversioninvolves the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction.
What is eversion?
Eversioninvolves the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.
Looking at a transverse CT/MRI scan?
These scans are always viewed as if you are standing at the foot of the patient’s bed.
The patient’s feet are nearest you, and their head is furthest from you. Thus, the patient’s right side is on your left side and vice versa.
