Solutions and solubility Flashcards
What is solution concentration?
Solution concentration is the measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent
What words can we use to describe solutions?
Concentrated and dilute
What is a concentrated solution?
A concentrated solution would have a lot of solute in a given amount of solvent
What is a dilute solution?
A dilute solution would have very little solute in a given amount of solvent
What does the solubility of a solute indicate?
Of how much of the solute can dissolve in a fixed mass of solvent at a particular temperature
What can solutions be described as?
Saturated
Unsaturated
Supersaturated
What does a saturated solution contain?
-A saturated solution contains maximum amount of
the solute which can be dissolved in a given
volume of the solution at a particular temperature.
What happens when no solute can be dissolved in the solvent in a saturated solution?
When no more solute can be dissolved in the
solvent the solution reaches saturation point and
the solution is saturated.
What is an unsaturated solution?
An unsaturated solution is a solution that contains
less than the maximum amount of solute that is
capable of being dissolved. (like medium basically)
What is a supersaturated solution?
A supersaturated solution represents a state in
which the concentration of the solute in the
solution exceeds the amount of solvent.
A supersaturated solution tends to be…
unstable
How does a supersaturated solution become saturated?
Disturbances, for example, shaking, stirring, or the addition of crystals (a process known as seeding causes a supersaturated solution to throw out the excess solute and become saturated)
List the factors that affect the extent to which
solutes are soluble or dissolve in a solvent:
- Temperature
- The nature of the solute and solvent
- Pressure
Why would the solubility of the solute increase in the given solvent?
For most solid solutes in water, solubility increases as temperature increases. This is why on heating the saturated solution which has excess undissolved solute particles, the solubility of the solute increases in the given solvent.
As a result of heating the saturated solution what happens?
more solute can be dissolved into the solvent at higher temperatures.
What happens when the saturated solution is cooled
when the solution is cooled backed to the initial temperature, the solute particles which were initially dissolved in the solvent separate out or precipitate out as crystals.
If a saturated solution is cooled…
crystals of the solute will form since less of the solute can dissolve at the lower temperature.
What tends to become less soluble as the temperature of the solvent increases? And what does it explain?
gases tend to become less soluble as the
temperature of the solvent increases. This explains
why fizzy drinks go ‘flat’ more quickly on a hot day
than when they are stored in the fridge.
(dance break)
(boogie boogie boogie) 💃💃👯♂️
What is pressure significant for?
Pressure is significant for gases dissolved in liquids.
What happens as pressure increases?
Most gases increase their solubility as pressure
increases.
What does “like dissolves in like” mean?
Solutes that are similar and nature will dissolve in solvents that are similar to it…the rule is “like dissolves in like” (idk if this sentence makes sense but miss has it)
What is an example of the rule like dissolves in like?
Sodium chloride has positive and negative charges and so too does water (water is a polar solvent)…thus sodium chloride (NaCl) is soluble in water.
(SODIUMMM CLORIDEEE IS AN IONIC COMPOUND!!!)
What is an ionic compound you ask?
idk either (jk)
- Ionic compounds often dissolve in polar solvents such as water
- Therefore non-polar substances will usually dissolve in non-polar or organic solvents. Examples of organic solvents are usually hexane, ether, oil and acetone
Any ionic compound (a compound with a positive and negative charge) will do what?
They will most likely be able to dissolve in colder solvents such as water
List the following procedures that will INCREASE the RATE at which a solid dissolves in a solvent (ie, how quickly it dissolves)
- Crushing
- Stirring
- Heating
Crushing (me +u)
Increases the Surface Area of the solute exposed to the solvent
- Reduced particle size increases the surface area
- Increased surface area leads to faster dissolution (ability to dissolve the solution)
Stirring
This brings more solute into contact with solvent molecules which will increase the rate at which the solid dissolves.
Heating
This increases the kinetic energy of the solute particles. The movement of the solute particles increases, causing more mixing and a faster rate of dissolution
