Solids, Solutions & Size

Question 1

3 types of Crystalline

Answer 1

1. Polymorphs
2. Solvates & hydrates
3. Co-crystals

Question 2

What is the term for Solid turning into Gas?

Answer 2

Sublimation

Question 3

A name which is used when substances (solid, liquid and gas) exist in all three phases:

Answer 3

Triple point

Question 4

Critical point…

Answer 4

Exist in gas and liquid

Question 5

Less stable polymorph means…

Answer 5

More likely to dissolve

Question 6

Amorphous

Answer 6

NO STRUCTURE at all the the arrangements of molecules

Question 7

Example of an Amorphous

Answer 7

Glass: increase in temp means it can move

Question 8

Solution

Answer 8

Mixture of two or more components that form a single phase that is homogenous to the molecular level

Question 9

Solvent

Answer 9

The component which determines the phase (usually present in the greatest quantity and often a liquid)

Question 10

Solute

Answer 10

The “other” component(s) which are dispersed as molecules or ion throughout the solvent - these components are in solution

Question 11

Dissolution

Answer 11

The process whereby molecules or ions from the solid phase into solution

Question 12

Which phase is a solution?

Answer 12

Phase I

Question 13

Which phase is a suspension or an emulsion

Answer 13

Phase II

Question 14

10^-9 of a metre:

Answer 14

nanometre (nm)

Question 15

10^-3

Answer 15

millimetre (mm)

Question 16

10^-6

Answer 16

micrometre (um)

Question 17

10^-12

Answer 17

pico-metre (pm)

Question 18

Examples in solid in liquid (solutions of non-electrolytes/ non-ionic)

Answer 18

organic molecules : phenol

Question 19

Examples in solid in liquid (solutions of electrolytes/ form ions in solutions)

Answer 19

-Strong electrolytes (fully ionized over wide pH range)
NaCl
-Weak electrolytes, weak acids and bases (ionization dependent on pH)

Question 20

Examples liquid in liquid

Answer 20

1.Completely miscible - water/ethanol
2.Partially miscible - water and octanol

Question 21

Gas in liquid properties

Answer 21

• Solubility of gases is determined by temperature and pressure
• Solubility generally decreases as temperature rises
• Solubility generally increases as pressure rises

(Process used in manufacture of Water for Injections BP)