Solids, Solutions & Size Flashcards
3 types of Crystalline
- Polymorphs
- Solvates & hydrates
- Co-crystals
What is the term for Solid turning into Gas?
Sublimation
A name which is used when substances (solid, liquid and gas) exist in all three phases:
Triple point
Critical point…
Exist in gas and liquid
Less stable polymorph means…
More likely to dissolve
Amorphous
NO STRUCTURE at all the the arrangements of molecules
Example of an Amorphous
Glass: increase in temp means it can move
Solution
Mixture of two or more components that form a single phase that is homogenous to the molecular level
Solvent
The component which determines the phase (usually present in the greatest quantity and often a liquid)
Solute
The “other” component(s) which are dispersed as molecules or ion throughout the solvent - these components are in solution
Dissolution
The process whereby molecules or ions from the solid phase into solution
Which phase is a solution?
Phase I
Which phase is a suspension or an emulsion
Phase II
10^-9 of a metre:
nanometre (nm)
10^-3
millimetre (mm)
10^-6
micrometre (um)
10^-12
pico-metre (pm)
Examples in solid in liquid (solutions of non-electrolytes/ non-ionic)
organic molecules : phenol
Examples in solid in liquid (solutions of electrolytes/ form ions in solutions)
-Strong electrolytes (fully ionized over wide pH range)
NaCl
-Weak electrolytes, weak acids and bases (ionization dependent on pH)
Examples liquid in liquid
1.Completely miscible - water/ethanol
2.Partially miscible - water and octanol
Gas in liquid properties
- Solubility of gases is determined by temperature and pressure
- Solubility generally decreases as temperature rises
- Solubility generally increases as pressure rises
(Process used in manufacture of Water for Injections BP)
