Acid-Base and pH II Flashcards
What does pKa show?
How strong an acid is
pH
-log10 [ ]
[ ]
concentration of an acid
pH
is completely dissociated / ionised in water
How to calculate concentration of an acid (strong acid)?
Ka = [A-] [H30+] / [HA]
base is the same as the salt and acid
RECAP Kw
[10^-7]^2
= 10^-14
Calculate concentration of strong base use Kw
pH = -log10 [H3O+]
Acid molarity
m/Mr
Calculate moles:
m/Mr
unit: g/mol or M
Conc [] = n/v
c=n/v
dm3 for volume
Weak acid and weak base:
equilibrium / not completely dissosiated
Weak ACID always has…
Conjugated BASE
Weak BASE always has…
Conjugated ACID
How to calculate pH or weak acids
pH 1/2 pKa - 1/2 log [HA]
Calculate the pH of a 0.010 M solution of aspirin at 25C
Ka of aspirin is 3.2 x 10^-4 at this temp
pKa = -log10 Ka
(Ka of weak acid)
pH of weak acid
1/2 pKa - 1/2log [HA]
In a weak acid, not completely dissociated in water [HA] can be considered the same as…
original weak acid
Define equilibrium:
A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
“the task is the maintenance of social equilibrium”
Calculate weak base: NH3
pH = pKw -1/2 pKb = 1/2 log [B]
pKb -log10 Kb =
pH
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
e.g acid conc of 2 = acid has been transformed to one of conc of base
acid = 1
conj base = 1
pH = pKa
pKa
the Ph at which it is exactly half dissociated
If we increase the pH (more basic)?
acid becomes more ionised pH > pKa dissociated
If we lower pH (more acidic)?
acid becomes less ionised pH< pKa UNdissociated
if pH is SMALLER than pKa
The acid will be in an undissociated form
If pH is 4
4 = 5 + log
Ionised form = conjugated base
When talking about the WEAK acid
When in ionised form use which equation?
H-H equation
pH = pKa + [A-] / [HA] at pH 4
log [A-] / [HA] = pH - pKa =
Original acid
1 - conjugated base
[HA] = 1 - X
Acid-base reactions:
strong acid + strong base
Neutral base
strong acid + weak base
Acidic salt
Weak acid + strong base
basic salt
Weak acid + weak base
depends which one is stronger
NaCl + H2O»_space;> Na+ + Cl-
Neutral solution - cannot react further with water
Cl- + H2O <> HCl = HO-
Cl- = very weak conjugate base of HCl
Reaction with water can be neglected
HCl (strong acid) = NH3 (weak base <> NH4Cl {acid salt}
No H2O = weak bases tend not to have a hydroxide
Weak acid + weak base = depends on which one is stronger
Ka cation > Kb anion = solution acidic
kb anion > ka cation =
solution basic
Ka & Kb similar =
solution is close to neutral (pH approx. 7)
Acid-base titration (neutralisation)
quantitive analysis of the concentration of an unknown acid or base solution
Strong base added to weak acid =
solution containing the weak acid and its conjugate base until the initial weak acid is completely neutralised by the base
H-H equation
pH = pKa = log [base] / [acid]
This is the conjugate base [A-]
equivalence point:
acid-base (added»_space;> equal stoichiometric amounts
When is reaction completed??
all acid has been converted to its conjugated base
Half equivalence point: half of the total amount of base (added) needed to neutralise the acid has been added
pH = pKa of weak acid
[H3O+] =
(initial amount moles of acid) = (amount of moles of base added) / (volume of acid) + (volume of base added)
After neutralisation:
[OH-] >
Acid-base graph:
1) pH low at start
2) rises sharply
3) rises very slowly
Equivalence point
the point on the graph where the curve is steep (straight up)
What would be equivalence point in string acid or base?
pH = 7
what is the equivalence point with weak acid or base?
Ranges
Indicator
The best one is in the range of the equivalence point
Buffer
A solution usually containing an acid and a base, or a salt, that tends to maintain a constant hydrogen ion concentration
Buffer is made of
HIGH concentration of weak acid
CH3CO2H <> CH3CO2- + H+
And a completely ionised strong base
CH3Co2-Na+ > CH3CO2- + Na+
The H+ in the buffer will react with…
the Na+ from the strong acid
Preparing a buffer:
Which pKa is the most relevant for biological systems and why?
To which dissociation does it correspond?
pKa = 7.21 /
pKa = 2.21 X
pKa = 12.67 X
Which relative concentrations do we need to have the maximum buffering power??
Function as a buffer and control the pH to 7.0
IN CLASS TEST:
What is the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.042M NaH2PO4 and 0.058M Na2HPO4?
Use H-H equation
How much does pH change if we add 1mL of 10M NaOh to 1L of this buffer solution?
M = mol / vol, mol = M x V
0.01 mol NaOH titrate (neutralise) 0.01 mol NaH2PO4 and form 0.01 mol Na2HPO4»_space;> new conc: 0.032 M NaH2PO4, 0.068M Na2HPO4