Dosage forms Flashcards
Name as many delivery routes as your can..
-Ocular (eye)
-Nasal (nose)
-Pulmonary
-Insta-muscular
-Intra-dermal/Topical/Transdermal
-Oral/Buccal/Sublingual
-Aural
-Intra-arterial
-Intra-venous
-Rectal
What are the 3 oral dosage forms?
- Solutions
- Suspensions
- Emulsions
Solutions..
- Drug and other excipients are completely dissolved as molecular dispersion, in a liquid
Suspensions
-Drug and other excipients remain as solid particles dispersed in the “vehicle” (usually to thicken)
Emulsions..
Dispersions of at least twi immiscible or partially miscible liquids (oils, supplements)
Examples of Rectal and Vaginal Dosage Forms
- Suppositories
- Enemas
- Foams
- Pessaries
- Vaginal creams and gels
Suppositories
- Drug is incorporated into water-soluble/dispersible base or a base which melts at body temperature
- Once inserted the drug will be released to exert a local or systemic effect
Which phase is foam?
Two-phase system
(administered from a pressurised container/ Drug dissolved in the liquid phase)
Topical and Transdermal dosage forms examples
- Creams
- Ointments
- gels
4.Pastes/ Sprays/ Lotions/ Foams - Transdermal therapeutic systems (patches - applied to skin for systemic effect)
Creams…
-Semi-solid emulsion preparations usually applied topically to skin (may contain “base” for therapeutic effect)
Ointments…
- Single-phase semi-solid in which drug can be dispersed
- good emollient properties
Gels
Single-phase semi solid preperations, usually aqueous in nature
Parental Dosage forms
- Injections
- Infusions
Parental dosage form - benefits + administration
- Source of calories/ nutrients + hydration
- Administered via hollow metal needle
Injections..
-sterile liquid
-injected from a vial, ampoule or pre-filled syringe
-typically IV, IM or SC
-can utilise a syringe driver (or pump)
Infusions
-delivery of larger volumes IV
-source of calories, nutrients and hydration
Pulmonary Drug Delivery systems
- Inhalers
- Nebulisers
- Electronic cigarettes
Inhalers
-large variety
-drugs delivered for local effect
Nebulisers..
- convert liquids to aerosols
-useful for delivering larger doses of drug
Electronic cigarettes
- get other drugs into the body
Electronic cigarettes
- get other drugs into the body
Ocular - eyes
-Need to be sterile, aqueos, correct pH to avoid stinging in eye
Sublingual - under touge
- can be administered to be tablet or spray
-softer than tablet for quicker dissolvent in mouth
