soil nutrient supplies and fertalizer

Question 1

what for dd plants take up nutrients. ionic or covalent

Answer 1

ionic

Question 2

is there enough nutrients in the soil

Answer 2

nutrient levels in the soil at any moment in time are much less than what is required over the growing season. therefore the soil solution must be replenished with nutrients

Question 3

how are nutrients replenished in soil solution

Answer 3

soil reserves (internal source)
fertilizers (external sources)

Question 4

for internal sources how can nutrients be replenished

Answer 4

they can be transformed from organic to inorganic form through mineralization

dissolution, (imporant for P)

desorption

Question 5

what is colloid

Answer 5

organic and inorganic matter with very small particle sizes and correspondingly large surfaces are per unit of mass. ex.. clay, SOM

Question 6

why is there a need for nutrient management

Answer 6

if the supply of nutrient are adequate, the crop will remove the characteristic amount of nutrients from the soil

removal of nutrients from the soil cant continue indefinitely without depleting the production of the soil

if supplies of any nutrients are insufficient, growth and subsequently yields will suffer

Question 7

what are fertilizers

Answer 7

natural or artificial substances that contain nutrient elements that improve plant growth and productivity. fertilizers enhance the natural fertility of the soil and replace elements removed from the soil by previous crops

Question 8

what are organic fertilizers

Answer 8

derived from living matter and contain carbon (e.g. compost, manure, sewage sludge)

Question 9

what are inorganic fertilizers

Answer 9

synthetic or mined and processed fertilizers. macro and micronutrients are available

Question 10

how are nitrogen fertilizers made

Answer 10

manufactured using natural gas and element N2 under high temperature and pressure to synthesize ammonia gas NH3

Question 11

how are phosphorous fertilizers made

Answer 11

processed by dissolving phosphate rocks with sulfuric acid

Question 12

how are potassium fertilizers made

Answer 12

simply purified from natural geological deposits of salts formed from the evaporation of ancient seawater

Question 13

what is the fertilizer regulation

Answer 13

fertilizers are defined by the fertilizer act of the government of Canada and there sale is regulated by the Canadian food inspection agency (CFIA)

Question 14

what is the definition according to the fertilizer act

Answer 14

“any substances or mixture of substances, containing N, P, K or other plant food, manufactures, sold or represented for use as a plant nutrient”

Question 15

how is the analysis of chemical fertilizers legislated and expressed in numbers according to the content of

Answer 15

total N, available phosphoric acid P2O5, and soluble potash K2O also known and the fertilizer grade

Question 16

is there is a fourth number in the fertilizer grade what does it represent

Answer 16

if would represent Sulphur

Question 17

what it the issue with P and K in the fertilizer grade

Answer 17

P2O5 and K2O are given as a method of expression old. there is no P2O5 and K2O in fertilizers. this means that to get the actual amount of P and K we have to convert from oxide to element form

Question 18

what happens if we add too much fertilizer

Answer 18

we can see toxicities this means that there is a ideal amount

Question 19

what is the order of the fertilizer grade

Answer 19

N-P-K-S

Question 20

what are the fertilizers fate

Answer 20

plants take up nutrients from the soil as well as the fertilizers, fertilizers supplement what the soil can provide

plants don’t utilize 100% of the nutrients added in fertilizers

nutrients from fertilizers also interact with soil and are subject to the multitude of processes involved in nutrient cycling

therefore understanding nutrient cycling is critical to managing nutrients and fertilizers to use to avoid economic impact and environmental harm

Question 21

what are the four R for nutrient management

Answer 21

right source, right rate, right time, right place.

matches fertilizers crop need matches the amount of fertilizers to crop needs, matches nutrient supply when crops need them, keep nutrients in the soil where the crop can use them

Question 22

what is the goal of the 4R’s

Answer 22

to match nutrient supply with crop requirements to minimize nutrient losses from the fields

Question 23

what is the 4R nutrient management

Answer 23

it involves the implementation of the best management practices (BMPs) that optimizes the efficient use of fertilizers

BMPs will be location-specific because they depend on soil and climate conditions and the type of crop grown

Question 24

are BMPs always the same

Answer 24

no, BMPs will be location-specific because they depend on soil and climate conditions and the type of crop grown