plant organs: Leaves Flashcards
what are the functions of leaves
photosynthesis, transportation, respiration, and storage
what is open during the day to collect CO2 to fix during photosynthesis
the stomata
what is important in determining the amount of sunlight a plant can intercept
leaf area and arrangement
what is transportation
the movement of water from the inside of the leaves to the atmosphere outside the leaves
how much percent of water is taken up and lost through transportation
97%
what regulates the plant’s water balance
guard cells
how is a large amount of water lost to the atmosphere
the stomata stay open to collect CO2 and by doing so a large amount of water is lost to the atmosphere
what are the benefits of transportation
cools the plant, changes the osmotic pressure of cells, and enables movement of nutrients and water from roots to shoots
what are some examples of plants that have become specialized in using leaves as food storage sites
spinach, lettuce
what are underground leaves
bulbs ex. onion, garlic
what is the petiole
the stock that joins the leaf to the stem
in some dicots what function can the petiole also carry out
become enlarged to store food
what are the two main parts the dicot leaves consist of
the blade which is the green part of the leaf.
the petiole, which is the stalk that attaches the leaf to the blade of the stem
in dicots what kind of vein arrangement can we have in blades
branched or netted in arrangement
what is the petiole
the stock which attaches the leaf blade to the stem
what are plants with no noticeable petiole called
sessile
what are stipules
leaf-like appendages found at the point where the petiole and stem join. they look very similar to the true leaves or leaflets but arent
what does monocot leaves consist of
blade, sheath, ligule, and auricles
what are the characteristics of a monocot blade
the true tissue of the leaf, generally very long and narrow compared to dicots, veins are parallel in monocots
in monocots what is the sheath
the structure that surrounds the stem. the sheath attaches the blade to the stem. how sheat surrounds the stem can be an identifying factor in monocots
in monocots what is the ligule
it is a thin filamentous appendage on the inside between the leaf blade and stem. the shape and size is used to identify species
in monocots what is the auricle
the lobes which arise at the base of the blade/top of the sheath and clasp the stem. the shape and size is also used to identify species
how are leafs usually arranged in monocots
the are usually arranged alternatley in this there is only one leaf per node.
at one node the leaf comes one way and at the next node the leaf comes out the opposite way
in monocots what is the flag leaf
it is the final leaf to emerge. it may be shaped differently from the others
in dicots what is the alternate leaf arrangement
only one leaf per node
in dicots what is an opposite arrangement
coming off the stem directly apposite for each other at a node (in pairs)
in dicots what is a whorled leaf arrangement
several leaves coming from one node
what is simple leaves in dicots
has one blade (one leaf coming from the petiole)
what is compound leaves in dicots
has two or more leaflets (multiple leafs coming from the petiole
what vein structures can simple leaves have
pinnate and palmate
what is the vein structure of pinnate
the leaf has a main rib with veins branching from the rib
what is the vein structure of palmate
veins radiate from a central point
what leaf arrangements can compound leaves have
pinnate and palmate
what is the leaf arrangement in pinnate compound leaves
the leaf has a main rib with leaflets branching off
what is the leaf arrangement in palmate compound leafs
leaflets radiate from a central point at the end of the petiole
what is trifoliate
special arrangement of compound leaves there are three leaflets coming from the end of the petiole
what is the leaf shape
how the entire leaf is shaped
what is leaf margin
how the edge of the leaf appears
