seeds and fruits

Question 1

how does pollination occur

Answer 1

its the transfer of pollen from the anther (male) to the stigma (female) pollen is released when the anther matures. pollen is transferred by the wind or insects

Question 2

what are the two types of pollination

Answer 2

there’s cross-pollination and self-pollination

Question 3

what is cross-pollination

Answer 3

plants whose flowers require pollen from another plant of the same type for fertilization

Question 4

what is self-pollination

Answer 4

plants that are fertilized from the pollen of that same flower. they may also be pollinated by other flowers on that plant

Question 5

how does fertilization occur

Answer 5

it occurs after pollination and is defined as the union of the male and female gametes.

after pollen lands, on the stigma, the pollen grows a tube down to the style to the ovary and enters the ovule. the male gamete is released to create a zygote

the nucleus of the male gamete fuses with the ovule in the female ovary to create the seed

Question 6

how long does fertilization take

Answer 6

6 to 25 hours

Question 7

what happens after fertilization

Answer 7

the zygote grows and accessory flower parts fall off (except if used to develop accessory fruits)

Question 8

what happens of fertilization doest occur

Answer 8

the flower will die

Question 9

how do fruit set and seed formation occur

Answer 9

only a small percentage of flowers develop into fruits many can be unpollinated or abort during development.
the degree of fruit set is thought to be linked to plant hormones environmental conditions are also important in fruit set

Question 10

what is the seed

Answer 10

the matured ovule created by the pollen fertilizing the ovule

Question 11

what are the basic components of the seed

Answer 11

embryo, food storage tissue, seed coat (testa)

Question 12

what does the embryo consist of

Answer 12

cotyledon(s), plumule, radicle

Question 13

what can the embryo food consist of

Answer 13

starch, oil, protein, or carbohydrates

Question 14

what is the endosperm

Answer 14

the main storage structure in many monocot seeds and most grasses

Question 15

in most dicots where is the food stored

Answer 15

in the cotyledons

Question 16

what is the testa

Answer 16

the seed coat and is a tough covering layer that protects the young embryo from damage and it comes from the mother plant

Question 17

what is a fruit

Answer 17

a fruit includes tissue that develops from the mother plant along with the seed. fruits may protect or help disperse the seed

Question 18

what is the function of a fruit

Answer 18

it is a mature ovary containing seed(s)

Question 19

what are accessory fruits

Answer 19

other floral parts that help make up the fruit such as receptacles. ex the fleshy part of the strawberry is from the receptacle

Question 20

after fertilization how many seeds can a fruit have

Answer 20

could have one or more

Question 21

what is a dry fruit

Answer 21

the tissue that comes from the mother plants is dry when mature. ex peas, canola, wheat

Question 22

what is a fleshy fruit

Answer 22

the tissue that comes from the mother plant is fleshy when mature. ex peach, tomato, pear

Question 23

how can we further classify dry simple fruits

Answer 23

dehiscent and indehiscent

Question 24

what is dehiscent

Answer 24

the fruit splits open to release seeds

Question 25

what is indehiscent

Answer 25

the fruit remains intact (seeds aren’t released)(seed remains trapped in fruit)

Question 26

what are two examples of dehiscent, dry, simple, fruits

Answer 26

legumes and siilique

Question 27

what are legumes

Answer 27

fruit formed from a single pistil that is usally compound. it has multiple ovuels within that one ovary=many seeds
ex chick peas, lentils, chick peas, beans

Question 28

describe the structure of the legumes

Answer 28

the mature ovary wall is split into two pieces called the VALVES. there is a single row of seeds attached to a common placenta along one edge. they split apex to base when mature

Question 29

what is a silique

Answer 29

a fruit formed from a single pistil that is a compound and has multiple ovules in the ovary=many seeds.
ex canola, mustard

Question 30

what is the structure of a silique

Answer 30

they are similar to legumes but have two compartments in between the two valves. the two compartments are separated by the false septum. they often have a beak(a point at the end). they split base to apex

Question 31

whats are two examples of indehiscent (simple, dry fruit)

Answer 31

achenes and caryopsis

Question 32

what are achenes

Answer 32

they are produced from a single sample pistil. they only have only one seed per fruit. when mature it can be separated to expose the seed. ex sunflower, safflower

Question 33

what is caryopsis

Answer 33

the ovary wall and seed cant be separated

it’s like the nut but instead of the seed being free inside. in the caryopsis the seed grows so big it grows into the ovary wall

ex. wheat, rye, barley