Photosynthesis and Respiration Flashcards
what kind of reaction is photosynthesis
synthesis reaction
what does respiration use
products of photosynthesis
plants are autotrophic what does this mean
with the input of light, carbon dioxide, and water they are self-sufficient
what is photosynthesis
it is the manufacture of food (carbohydrates) from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light and chlorophyll in living green plant tissue
is photosynthesis an endo or exo reaction
it is endo
what colors is the chlorophyll efficient at trapping
red and blue
what is in the reaction of photosynthesis (both the reactant and product sides)
glucose, water, and oxygen
6CO2 + 12H2O —-> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
what is the process of photosynthesis
sunlight is captured by the chloroplast and the light energy is used to break apart water and carbon dioxide
oxygen is given off by the stomata
hydrogen from the water molecule is combined with carbon to make glucose which is created by photosynthesis
water is released
where does the majority of photosynthesis take place
the leaves
what are the inputs of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide (from the atmosphere, a product of respiration, greenhouse gasses) water (from soil or water vapor)
what are the products of photosynthesis
glucose- six-carbon sugar molecules used for energy
oxygen
water- an input and product
what are 6 factors that affect photosynthesis rate
- light quality (red/blue)
- light intensity (shade)
- light duration (day length)
- carbon-dioxide concentration
- temperature +10*c = 2x photosynthesis rate
- water availability
what are the two major classifications of photosynthesis
C3 and C4
what respiration only happens in one plant
photorespiration happens in C3 plants only
what are the benefits to C3 plants being able to carry out both respiration and photorespiration
that is more efficient under cooler temperatures and low light intensities
what temperature are C4 plants more efficient at
higher temperatures
why is C4 more efficient under higher temperatures
use carbon dioxide more efficiently than C3 plants. photosynthesis rate of C4 plants can be much higher
transloctation of water and nutrients can occur twice as fast
have better water use efficiency
respond to higher light intensities
what are the optimum temperatures of C3 and C4 plants
C3- 15 to 25*C
C4- 25 to 40*C
what is respiration in plants
it is the controlled release of energy that has been captured and stored in photosynthesis
it is an exothermic reaction
it is used to live
all cells resporate
what is the reactants and products of respiration
glucose, oxygen, water turn into carbon-dioxide, water, and energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 12H2O + energy
what is the difference between the two types of respiration
photorespiration- is non-essencial respiration by C3 plants which depends on the light intensity and duration
normal respiration- all plants use the energy stored during photosynthesis in plant presses (making new cells, building tissue, making the inflorescence). it occurs at the same rate in the day as at night
what are 5 factors that affect respiration rate
temperature (+ 10*C =2x - 4x), oxygen concentration, soil conditions, light, plant growth
what is NAR
net assimilation rate= photosynthetic gains - respiration losses
what must happen for plant growth to occur
the NAR must be positive (more energy gained than lost)
if respiration exceeds photosynthetic gains (NAR is negative) then plants will eventually die
factors that determine NAR include the factors that affect photosynthesis and respiration rates
how much percent of the suns energy is captured by plants
0.1% to 3% with an average of 2%
what is the leaf area index (LAI)
it is a ratio of leaf area to land area
3 hecteres leaf are / 1 hectare lan =3 LAI
only the leaf area that is exposed to the sun is counted (not the underside of the leaf)
each crop has its own LAI optimum (2 to 5 usually)
below optimum photosynthetic rate is limitied
above optimum shading is occurring and the NAR is reduced because shaded leaves perform respiration
