Soft Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
what is more common in soft tissue cancers, benign or malignant
A
benign
2
Q
soft tissue cancers metastasize to what and through what
A
lungs
liver
bone
-blood
3
Q
how is bone involved in soft tissue cancers
A
direct extension
metastasis
4
Q
what is a classic associated with the etiology of soft tissue cancers
A
radiation
5
Q
Translocation and gene problem: Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor
A
t(11:22)
EWS-FLI1 fusion
6
Q
Translocation and gene problem: liposarcoma-myxoid and found cell type
A
t(12:16)
FUS-DDIT3 fusion
7
Q
Translocation and gene problem: Synovial sarcoma
A
t(X:18)
SS18-SSX fusion gene
8
Q
Translocation and gene problem: Rhabdomyosarcoma-alveolar type
A
t(2:13)
PAX3-FOX01 fusion
9
Q
Translocation and gene problem: extraskeletal myxoid chondrasarcoma
A
t(9:22)
EWS-CHN fusion
10
Q
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A
malignant tumor involving striated muscle tissue
11
Q
shape of spindle cell
A
rod-shaped
- long axis at least twich short axis
12
Q
shape of small round (blue) cells
A
Round
little cytoplasm
13
Q
shape of epithelioid cells
A
polyhedral; more cytoplasm
14
Q
where are matrix producing cells found
A
bone and cartilage
15
Q
biphasic cell is combination of what cell types
A
spindle and epithelial cells
16
Q
Spindle cells found in what cancer
A
fibrous
schwann cell
fibrohistiocytic
smooth muscle
17
Q
wha is small round ( blue ) cell found in what cancer
A
rhabdomyosarcoma
PNET/Ewing
18
Q
what is Epitheloid sarcoma found in what cancer
A
Epithelioid sarcoma
19
Q
matrix producing cells found in what cancer
A
extraskelatal osteosarcoma
20
Q
Biphasic cell is found in what cancer
A
biphasic synovial sarcoma
21
Q
Herringbone pattern is found in what cancer
A
Fibrosarcoma
22
Q
Nuclei in columns ( palisading) pattern found in what cancer
A
Schwann cell
23
Q
Fasicicles of spindle cells pattern found in
A
smooth muscles
24
Q
short fascicles of spindle cells radiating from center ( storiform; pinwheel-like) pattern found in
A
fibrohistiocytic
25
what is the most common adult soft tissue tumor
lipoma
26
Is there pain associated with lipoma? what's the exception
no
| angiolipoma
27
what is the most common location of lipoma
subcutaneous trunk and proximal extremeties
28
location of fibrolipoma
fibrous area
29
location of angiolipoma
small vessels
30
where are liposarcoma's usually located
deep soft tissue
- retroperitoneum
- promixal extremities
31
what is the most common type of liposarcoma
well- differentiated
32
well- differentiated liposarcoma has a similar gross appearance as what
benign lipoma
33
what is histo characteristic of well- differentiated liposarcoma
aytpical spindle cells
| -cytoplasmic vacuoles scallop nucleus
34
what gene does well- differentiated liposarcoma amplify? what does this cause
MDM2
| -inhibits p53
35
myxoid/round cell Liposarcoma is what translocation and gene
t(12;16)
| FUS-DDIT3 fusion protein
36
where do myxoid/round cell liposarcoma usually occur on the body
intramuscular; thigh
37
what is the histo characterstic of myxoid/round cell liposarcoma
chicken wire pattern of thin capillaries
| - rare lipoblast
38
how aggressive is pleomorphic liposarcoma
very
39
dedifferentiated liposarcoma arises from what
well-differentiated liposarcoma
40
what is the most common volvar forearm
Nodular Fasiitis
41
what layers of the body does Nodular Fasciitis use
Deep dermis, subcutis or muscle
42
what type of cells proliferate in nodular fasciits
spindle cell proliferation of fibroblasts
43
Does nodular Fasciitis reaccur
no if excised
44
how big and fast can nodular fasciitis get
rapid growing up to 2-3cm
45
who usually gets Myositis/Panniculitis Ossificans
athletic adolescents and young adults
46
what layers of skin are involved for Myositis/Panniculitis Ossificans
subcutaneous and muscle
47
Fibromatoses is subdivided into what
superficial fibromatosis
| deep-seated fibromatosis ( desmoid tumor)
48
what are superficial fibromatosis made of
nodular or poorly defined fasciciles of fibroblasts and abundant collagen
49
after excision can superficial fibromatosis come back
may recur
50
superficial fibromatosis: Palmer Fibromatosis ( Dupuytren's contracture) what is it
nodular thickening of palmer fascia
- puckers skin and digit flexion contraction
- bilateral
- 4th and 5th digit
51
superficial fibromatosis: plantar fibromatosis what is it
irregular of nodular thickening of plantar fascia
| -bilateral infrequent
52
superficial fibromatosis: penile Fibromatosis another name
Peyronie's disease
53
superficial fibromatosis: penile Fibromatosis what is it
induration or mass on dorsolateral penis
-abnormal curvature of penis
constricts urethra
54
superficial fibromatosis: Palmer Fibromatosis other name
Dupuytren's contracture
55
another name for deep-seated Fibromatosis
Desmoid tumors
56
Desmoid tumors have mutations in what
APC or Beta-Catenin
57
how large, location and metastasize ability of Deep-seated fibromatosis
large
locally aggressive
do not metastasize
58
can desmoid tumors recur
not if excised, need big margin
59
what are the 3 types of deep-seated fibromatosis
abdominal
intra-abdominal
extra-abdominal
60
where does abdominal deep-seated fibromatosis occur? who usually gets them
anterior abdominal wall
| women during or after pregnancy or C-section
61
Where does Intra-abdominal desmoid occur and in what syndrome
Mesentry and pelvic walls
| Gardner Syndrome
62
what color are deep-seated fibromatosis
gray-white poorly demarcated
63
what do fibroblasts is fascicles infiltrate in Deep-seated fibromatosis
infilterate tissue
64
how often doe Fibrosarcoma occur
rare
65
where does fibrosarcoma occur
deep extremities
66
what type of cells are found in Fibrosarcoma? what pattern do they form
spindle cells with Herringbone pattern
67
name 3 types of skeletal muscle tumors
Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
68
what is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence
Rhabdomyosarcoma
69
where does Rhabdomyosarcoma foundon the body
head/neck
| GI tract
70
what is a subtype of Embryonal Rhabdomysosarcoma
Sarcoma Botryoides: in walls of hollow viscera and mucusal lined structures
71
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma has what colored mass
soft gray infiltrative
72
Embryonal Rhabdomysarcoma mimics what
skeletal muscle embryogenesis: round and spindle cells
73
Sarcoma Botryoides describe it
cluster of grapes
| cambium layer: submuscoasl hyercellular layer
74
Characterize the Rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Eccentric eosinophilic cytoplasm with thick and thin filaments
- tadpole cells and strap cells
- MYOD1, myogen, desmin
Small round blue cells
75
who usually gets alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
early to mid-adolescence
76
where does alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma occur
deep muscles of extremities
77
why is it called alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
fibrous setpa divide tumor into alveolar like spaces
78
translocation for Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
t(2;13) and t (1;13)
| PAX3 or PAX7 to FOXO1
79
pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma occurs in who and where
adults deep soft tissue
80
what are two diagnostic features of pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma
desmin positive
| MyoD1 or myogenin positive
81
rate the Rhabdomyosarcoma prognosis
Sarcoma: best
Embryonal: second best
Alveolar/pleomorhic: poor
82
who has better prognosis with Rhabdomyosarcoma
children better than adults
83
what is leiomyoma
benign smooth muscle tumor
84
where does Leiomyoma usually occur
uterus
85
where does Leiomyoma occur on the skin
erector pili
nipples
scrotum
labia
86
what does Leiomyoma do to smooth muscles
bland smooth muscle cells in fascicles
87
what gender gets leiomyosarcoma
females
88
what does Leiomyosarcoma look like
white mases
89
what cells are ound in leiomyosarcoma
malignant spindle cells
90
where does Leiomyosarcoma impact
skin
deep extrememites
retroperitoneum
91
what is Leiomyosarcoma negative for
MyoD1 and myogenin
92
where does synovial sarcoma occur
deep and around large joints
93
translocation for synovial sarcoma
t(X;18) SS18-SSX1 or SS18-SSX2
94
what are two types of synovial sarcoma
biphasic dual differentiation
| monophasic ( spindle cell) variant
95
biphasic occurs where and has what type of cell
epithelial cells as glands, cords, or nests
| spindle cells: cellular in fascicles
96
monophasic spindle cell variant is positive for what
cytokertins
| epithelial membrane antigen
97
another name for undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
malignant fibrous histiocytoma
98
what is malignant fibrous histiocytoma
group of aggressive neoplasms
99
where does malignant fibrous histiocytoma occur
proximal extremeites and retroperitoneum
100
what does malignant fibrous histiocytoma look like
large gray, hemorrhagic and necrotic
101
Epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin
general epithelial marker
102
MyoD1 and Myogenin
skeletal muslce
103
actin and desmin
skeletal or smooth muscle
104
vemintin
nonepithelial tumors
105
smooth muscle actin
smooth muscle
106
Epithelium
cytokeratin and EMA
107
skeletal muscle
MyoD1
myogenin
desmin
actin
108
smooth muscle
desmin
| actin
109
nonepithelial tumors
vimentin
110
spindle cell benign
```
nodular fasciitis
fibrous histiocytoma
fibromatosis
myositis ossificans
leiomyoma
```
111
spindle cell malignant
fibrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
112
small round blue cells benign
lymphoid hyperplasia
113
small round blue cells malignant
rhabdomyosarcoma
round cell liposarcoma
lymphoma
114
biphasic
synovial sarcoma
