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D & T exam 2 > Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what is more common in soft tissue cancers, benign or malignant

A

benign

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2
Q

soft tissue cancers metastasize to what and through what

A

lungs
liver
bone
-blood

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3
Q

how is bone involved in soft tissue cancers

A

direct extension

metastasis

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4
Q

what is a classic associated with the etiology of soft tissue cancers

A

radiation

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5
Q

Translocation and gene problem: Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor

A

t(11:22)

EWS-FLI1 fusion

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6
Q

Translocation and gene problem: liposarcoma-myxoid and found cell type

A

t(12:16)

FUS-DDIT3 fusion

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7
Q

Translocation and gene problem: Synovial sarcoma

A

t(X:18)

SS18-SSX fusion gene

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8
Q

Translocation and gene problem: Rhabdomyosarcoma-alveolar type

A

t(2:13)

PAX3-FOX01 fusion

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9
Q

Translocation and gene problem: extraskeletal myxoid chondrasarcoma

A

t(9:22)

EWS-CHN fusion

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10
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor involving striated muscle tissue

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11
Q

shape of spindle cell

A

rod-shaped

- long axis at least twich short axis

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12
Q

shape of small round (blue) cells

A

Round

little cytoplasm

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13
Q

shape of epithelioid cells

A

polyhedral; more cytoplasm

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14
Q

where are matrix producing cells found

A

bone and cartilage

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15
Q

biphasic cell is combination of what cell types

A

spindle and epithelial cells

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16
Q

Spindle cells found in what cancer

A

fibrous
schwann cell
fibrohistiocytic
smooth muscle

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17
Q

wha is small round ( blue ) cell found in what cancer

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

PNET/Ewing

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18
Q

what is Epitheloid sarcoma found in what cancer

A

Epithelioid sarcoma

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19
Q

matrix producing cells found in what cancer

A

extraskelatal osteosarcoma

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20
Q

Biphasic cell is found in what cancer

A

biphasic synovial sarcoma

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21
Q

Herringbone pattern is found in what cancer

A

Fibrosarcoma

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22
Q

Nuclei in columns ( palisading) pattern found in what cancer

A

Schwann cell

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23
Q

Fasicicles of spindle cells pattern found in

A

smooth muscles

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24
Q

short fascicles of spindle cells radiating from center ( storiform; pinwheel-like) pattern found in

A

fibrohistiocytic

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25
Q

what is the most common adult soft tissue tumor

A

lipoma

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26
Q

Is there pain associated with lipoma? what’s the exception

A

no

angiolipoma

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27
Q

what is the most common location of lipoma

A

subcutaneous trunk and proximal extremeties

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28
Q

location of fibrolipoma

A

fibrous area

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29
Q

location of angiolipoma

A

small vessels

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30
Q

where are liposarcoma’s usually located

A

deep soft tissue

  • retroperitoneum
  • promixal extremities
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31
Q

what is the most common type of liposarcoma

A

well- differentiated

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32
Q

well- differentiated liposarcoma has a similar gross appearance as what

A

benign lipoma

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33
Q

what is histo characteristic of well- differentiated liposarcoma

A

aytpical spindle cells

-cytoplasmic vacuoles scallop nucleus

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34
Q

what gene does well- differentiated liposarcoma amplify? what does this cause

A

MDM2

-inhibits p53

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35
Q

myxoid/round cell Liposarcoma is what translocation and gene

A

t(12;16)

FUS-DDIT3 fusion protein

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36
Q

where do myxoid/round cell liposarcoma usually occur on the body

A

intramuscular; thigh

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37
Q

what is the histo characterstic of myxoid/round cell liposarcoma

A

chicken wire pattern of thin capillaries

- rare lipoblast

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38
Q

how aggressive is pleomorphic liposarcoma

A

very

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39
Q

dedifferentiated liposarcoma arises from what

A

well-differentiated liposarcoma

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40
Q

what is the most common volvar forearm

A

Nodular Fasiitis

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41
Q

what layers of the body does Nodular Fasciitis use

A

Deep dermis, subcutis or muscle

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42
Q

what type of cells proliferate in nodular fasciits

A

spindle cell proliferation of fibroblasts

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43
Q

Does nodular Fasciitis reaccur

A

no if excised

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44
Q

how big and fast can nodular fasciitis get

A

rapid growing up to 2-3cm

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45
Q

who usually gets Myositis/Panniculitis Ossificans

A

athletic adolescents and young adults

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46
Q

what layers of skin are involved for Myositis/Panniculitis Ossificans

A

subcutaneous and muscle

47
Q

Fibromatoses is subdivided into what

A

superficial fibromatosis

deep-seated fibromatosis ( desmoid tumor)

48
Q

what are superficial fibromatosis made of

A

nodular or poorly defined fasciciles of fibroblasts and abundant collagen

49
Q

after excision can superficial fibromatosis come back

A

may recur

50
Q

superficial fibromatosis: Palmer Fibromatosis ( Dupuytren’s contracture) what is it

A

nodular thickening of palmer fascia

  • puckers skin and digit flexion contraction
  • bilateral
  • 4th and 5th digit
51
Q

superficial fibromatosis: plantar fibromatosis what is it

A

irregular of nodular thickening of plantar fascia

-bilateral infrequent

52
Q

superficial fibromatosis: penile Fibromatosis another name

A

Peyronie’s disease

53
Q

superficial fibromatosis: penile Fibromatosis what is it

A

induration or mass on dorsolateral penis
-abnormal curvature of penis
constricts urethra

54
Q

superficial fibromatosis: Palmer Fibromatosis other name

A

Dupuytren’s contracture

55
Q

another name for deep-seated Fibromatosis

A

Desmoid tumors

56
Q

Desmoid tumors have mutations in what

A

APC or Beta-Catenin

57
Q

how large, location and metastasize ability of Deep-seated fibromatosis

A

large
locally aggressive
do not metastasize

58
Q

can desmoid tumors recur

A

not if excised, need big margin

59
Q

what are the 3 types of deep-seated fibromatosis

A

abdominal
intra-abdominal
extra-abdominal

60
Q

where does abdominal deep-seated fibromatosis occur? who usually gets them

A

anterior abdominal wall

women during or after pregnancy or C-section

61
Q

Where does Intra-abdominal desmoid occur and in what syndrome

A

Mesentry and pelvic walls

Gardner Syndrome

62
Q

what color are deep-seated fibromatosis

A

gray-white poorly demarcated

63
Q

what do fibroblasts is fascicles infiltrate in Deep-seated fibromatosis

A

infilterate tissue

64
Q

how often doe Fibrosarcoma occur

A

rare

65
Q

where does fibrosarcoma occur

A

deep extremities

66
Q

what type of cells are found in Fibrosarcoma? what pattern do they form

A

spindle cells with Herringbone pattern

67
Q

name 3 types of skeletal muscle tumors

A

Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma

68
Q

what is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

69
Q

where does Rhabdomyosarcoma foundon the body

A

head/neck

GI tract

70
Q

what is a subtype of Embryonal Rhabdomysosarcoma

A

Sarcoma Botryoides: in walls of hollow viscera and mucusal lined structures

71
Q

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma has what colored mass

A

soft gray infiltrative

72
Q

Embryonal Rhabdomysarcoma mimics what

A

skeletal muscle embryogenesis: round and spindle cells

73
Q

Sarcoma Botryoides describe it

A

cluster of grapes

cambium layer: submuscoasl hyercellular layer

74
Q

Characterize the Rhabdomyosarcoma cells

A

Eccentric eosinophilic cytoplasm with thick and thin filaments
- tadpole cells and strap cells
- MYOD1, myogen, desmin
Small round blue cells

75
Q

who usually gets alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

A

early to mid-adolescence

76
Q

where does alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma occur

A

deep muscles of extremities

77
Q

why is it called alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

fibrous setpa divide tumor into alveolar like spaces

78
Q

translocation for Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

t(2;13) and t (1;13)

PAX3 or PAX7 to FOXO1

79
Q

pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma occurs in who and where

A

adults deep soft tissue

80
Q

what are two diagnostic features of pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

desmin positive

MyoD1 or myogenin positive

81
Q

rate the Rhabdomyosarcoma prognosis

A

Sarcoma: best
Embryonal: second best
Alveolar/pleomorhic: poor

82
Q

who has better prognosis with Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

children better than adults

83
Q

what is leiomyoma

A

benign smooth muscle tumor

84
Q

where does Leiomyoma usually occur

A

uterus

85
Q

where does Leiomyoma occur on the skin

A

erector pili
nipples
scrotum
labia

86
Q

what does Leiomyoma do to smooth muscles

A

bland smooth muscle cells in fascicles

87
Q

what gender gets leiomyosarcoma

A

females

88
Q

what does Leiomyosarcoma look like

A

white mases

89
Q

what cells are ound in leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant spindle cells

90
Q

where does Leiomyosarcoma impact

A

skin
deep extrememites
retroperitoneum

91
Q

what is Leiomyosarcoma negative for

A

MyoD1 and myogenin

92
Q

where does synovial sarcoma occur

A

deep and around large joints

93
Q

translocation for synovial sarcoma

A

t(X;18) SS18-SSX1 or SS18-SSX2

94
Q

what are two types of synovial sarcoma

A

biphasic dual differentiation

monophasic ( spindle cell) variant

95
Q

biphasic occurs where and has what type of cell

A

epithelial cells as glands, cords, or nests

spindle cells: cellular in fascicles

96
Q

monophasic spindle cell variant is positive for what

A

cytokertins

epithelial membrane antigen

97
Q

another name for undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

A

malignant fibrous histiocytoma

98
Q

what is malignant fibrous histiocytoma

A

group of aggressive neoplasms

99
Q

where does malignant fibrous histiocytoma occur

A

proximal extremeites and retroperitoneum

100
Q

what does malignant fibrous histiocytoma look like

A

large gray, hemorrhagic and necrotic

101
Q

Epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin

A

general epithelial marker

102
Q

MyoD1 and Myogenin

A

skeletal muslce

103
Q

actin and desmin

A

skeletal or smooth muscle

104
Q

vemintin

A

nonepithelial tumors

105
Q

smooth muscle actin

A

smooth muscle

106
Q

Epithelium

A

cytokeratin and EMA

107
Q

skeletal muscle

A

MyoD1
myogenin
desmin
actin

108
Q

smooth muscle

A

desmin

actin

109
Q

nonepithelial tumors

A

vimentin

110
Q

spindle cell benign

A 
nodular fasciitis
fibrous histiocytoma
fibromatosis
myositis ossificans
leiomyoma
111
Q

spindle cell malignant

A

fibrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

112
Q

small round blue cells benign

A

lymphoid hyperplasia

113
Q

small round blue cells malignant

A

rhabdomyosarcoma
round cell liposarcoma
lymphoma

114
Q

biphasic

A

synovial sarcoma

D & T exam 2 (27 decks)

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