Introduction to skin Flashcards by Bina Malapur

epidermis is derived from what embryology

ectoderm

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define rete ridges

epithelial extensions that project into underlying connective tissue and mucous membranes

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Dermis is derived from

mesoderm

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hpypodermis (Subcutaneous layer) derived from

mesoderm

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what layer is thicker in thick skin

stratum corneum

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which type of skin has stratum lucidium

thick skin

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which type of skin has hair follicles

think skin

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Meissner corpuscles respond to

slow vibration

texture

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Merkel cells respond to

sustained pressure

touch

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Pacinian corpuscle responds to

deep pressure

fast vibration

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Ruffini endings respond to

Sustained pressure

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unmyelinated dendrites of sensory nerve fibers respond to

pain

temperature

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Merkel cells synpase with what

meylinated afferent aaxons of dorsal root ganglion cells

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where are Merkel cells found

basal layer of thick skin only

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characteristics of Stratum corneum

outmost layer

cornified layer
dead keratinocytes

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Stratum lucidum what is in it

differentiation of keratinocytes

-few melanin granules

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what layer do the keratinocytes become flattened

stratum granulosum ( granular layer)

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Keratohyalin granules are synthesized from what

bundles of keratin cross-linked with filaggrin

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what gives stratum granulosum darkly basophilic granular appearnce

fliggrin attaches keratin intermediate filament

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Stratum Spinosum layer consists of what ( spiny layer)

squamous epithelial cells known as keratinocytes

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why is the stratum spinosum known as the spiny layer

keratinocytes cytoplasmic projections that form intercellular bridges b/w cells held together by desmosomes

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what structure are specialized structures for cell-to-cell adhesion

desmosomes

macular adherens

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what cells are found in stratum spinosum

Langerhan cells

Keratinocytes

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what are langerhan cells

immune cells derived from monocytes

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Keratinocytes contain what

keratin lamellar bodies melanin granules

what does stratum basale ( basal layer) contain

kertinocyte stem cells | melanocytes

What do melanocytes contain? what are they synthesized from

melanin | -tyrosine which is from dihyroxyphenylalaline (DOPA)

what happens to the epidermis during aging

thinning of epidermis

what are the two layers of the dermis

papillary | reticular

what does the papillary layer of the dermis contain

Meissner corpuscles | immune cells

what does the reticular layer of the dermis contain

pacinian corpuscles

what is dermal papilla

projections of dermis that interdigitate with overlying epidermis

Primary dermal ridges

have finger/toe prints

what is the fascia divided into

superficial and deep

superficial fascia is also referred to as ? what does it contain

subcutaneous tissue | -areolar and adipose which unites dermis to deep fascia

retinacula

thickened bands of fascia that form restraining bands, such as the extensor retinaculum of the wrist

what is a secondary lesion

modification of primary lesion

Bulla

vesicle bigger than 1 cm

examples of bulla

blisters | phemphigous vulgaris

cyst

elevated, circumsribed, encapsulated lesion of dermis or subcutaneous layer

example of cyst

epidermal inclusion cyst

macule

flat circumscribed lesion that is changed from color of skin

example of macule

freckles | nevi ( small moles)

nodule

elevated, firm "marble-like", circumscribed lesion | - deeper in dermis than papule

papule

elevated, firm circumsribed area

patch

flat, non-palpable irregularly shaped macule

Petechiae and purpura

red, purple, non-blanching discoloration | less than .5 cm

other name of purpura

bruise and ecchymoses

differential diagnosis for presence of ecchymoses must always include

physical abuse

plaque

elevated, firm and rough lesion with flow top surface

pustule

elevated, superficial lesion similar to vesicle but with plurulent fluid

Telangiectasia

fine, irregular red lines due to capillary dilation

tumor

elevated, solid lesion deep in dermis

vesicle

elevated, circumsribed superficial lesion filled with serous fluid -less than 1 cm

wheal ( hive, urtciaria)

transient, elevated, irregular-shaped areas of DERMAL EDEMA

how is a wheal formed

MAST CELL DEGRANULATION and HISTAMINE release

what are secondary lesions

modified primary skin lesions

crust

dried serum, blood, purulent exudates

excoriation (scratch)

loss of epidermis leaving linear ling,

erosion

loss of epidermis with glistening, depressed moist appearance

fissure

linear crack from epidermis to dermis

induration

dermal thickening associated with inflammation

keloid

irregular, elevated progressively enlarging scar growing beyond boundary of wound

lichenification

THICKENED EPIDERMIS

scale

heaped up, keratinized cells from corneum