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D & T exam 2 > Introduction to skin > Flashcards

Introduction to skin Flashcards

1
Q

epidermis is derived from what embryology

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

define rete ridges

A

epithelial extensions that project into underlying connective tissue and mucous membranes

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3
Q

Dermis is derived from

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

hpypodermis (Subcutaneous layer) derived from

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

what layer is thicker in thick skin

A

stratum corneum

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6
Q

which type of skin has stratum lucidium

A

thick skin

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7
Q

which type of skin has hair follicles

A

think skin

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8
Q

Meissner corpuscles respond to

A

slow vibration

texture

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9
Q

Merkel cells respond to

A

sustained pressure

touch

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10
Q

Pacinian corpuscle responds to

A

deep pressure

fast vibration

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11
Q

Ruffini endings respond to

A

Sustained pressure

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12
Q

unmyelinated dendrites of sensory nerve fibers respond to

A

pain

temperature

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13
Q

Merkel cells synpase with what

A

meylinated afferent aaxons of dorsal root ganglion cells

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14
Q

where are Merkel cells found

A

basal layer of thick skin only

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15
Q

characteristics of Stratum corneum

A

outmost layer

  • cornified layer
  • dead keratinocytes
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16
Q

Stratum lucidum what is in it

A

differentiation of keratinocytes

-few melanin granules

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17
Q

what layer do the keratinocytes become flattened

A

stratum granulosum ( granular layer)

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18
Q

Keratohyalin granules are synthesized from what

A

bundles of keratin cross-linked with filaggrin

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19
Q

what gives stratum granulosum darkly basophilic granular appearnce

A

fliggrin attaches keratin intermediate filament

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20
Q

Stratum Spinosum layer consists of what ( spiny layer)

A

squamous epithelial cells known as keratinocytes

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21
Q

why is the stratum spinosum known as the spiny layer

A

keratinocytes cytoplasmic projections that form intercellular bridges b/w cells held together by desmosomes

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22
Q

what structure are specialized structures for cell-to-cell adhesion

A

desmosomes

macular adherens

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23
Q

what cells are found in stratum spinosum

A

Langerhan cells

Keratinocytes

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24
Q

what are langerhan cells

A

immune cells derived from monocytes

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25
Q

Keratinocytes contain what

A

keratin
lamellar bodies
melanin granules

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26
Q

what does stratum basale ( basal layer) contain

A

kertinocyte stem cells

melanocytes

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27
Q

What do melanocytes contain? what are they synthesized from

A

melanin

-tyrosine which is from dihyroxyphenylalaline (DOPA)

28
Q

what happens to the epidermis during aging

A

thinning of epidermis

29
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis

A

papillary

reticular

30
Q

what does the papillary layer of the dermis contain

A

Meissner corpuscles

immune cells

31
Q

what does the reticular layer of the dermis contain

A

pacinian corpuscles

32
Q

what is dermal papilla

A

projections of dermis that interdigitate with overlying epidermis

33
Q

Primary dermal ridges

A

have finger/toe prints

34
Q

what is the fascia divided into

A

superficial and deep

35
Q

superficial fascia is also referred to as ? what does it contain

A

subcutaneous tissue

-areolar and adipose which unites dermis to deep fascia

36
Q

retinacula

A

thickened bands of fascia that form restraining bands, such as the extensor retinaculum of the wrist

37
Q

what is a secondary lesion

A

modification of primary lesion

38
Q

Bulla

A

vesicle bigger than 1 cm

39
Q

examples of bulla

A

blisters

phemphigous vulgaris

40
Q

cyst

A

elevated, circumsribed, encapsulated lesion of dermis or subcutaneous layer

41
Q

example of cyst

A

epidermal inclusion cyst

42
Q

macule

A

flat circumscribed lesion that is changed from color of skin

43
Q

example of macule

A

freckles

nevi ( small moles)

44
Q

nodule

A

elevated, firm “marble-like”, circumscribed lesion

- deeper in dermis than papule

45
Q

papule

A

elevated, firm circumsribed area

46
Q

patch

A

flat, non-palpable irregularly shaped macule

47
Q

Petechiae and purpura

A

red, purple, non-blanching discoloration

less than .5 cm

48
Q

other name of purpura

A

bruise and ecchymoses

49
Q

differential diagnosis for presence of ecchymoses must always include

A

physical abuse

50
Q

plaque

A

elevated, firm and rough lesion with flow top surface

51
Q

pustule

A

elevated, superficial lesion similar to vesicle but with plurulent fluid

52
Q

Telangiectasia

A

fine, irregular red lines due to capillary dilation

53
Q

tumor

A

elevated, solid lesion deep in dermis

54
Q

vesicle

A

elevated, circumsribed superficial lesion filled with serous fluid
-less than 1 cm

55
Q

wheal ( hive, urtciaria)

A

transient, elevated, irregular-shaped areas of DERMAL EDEMA

56
Q

how is a wheal formed

A

MAST CELL DEGRANULATION and HISTAMINE release

57
Q

what are secondary lesions

A

modified primary skin lesions

58
Q

crust

A

dried serum, blood, purulent exudates

59
Q

excoriation (scratch)

A

loss of epidermis leaving linear ling,

60
Q

erosion

A

loss of epidermis with glistening, depressed moist appearance

61
Q

fissure

A

linear crack from epidermis to dermis

62
Q

induration

A

dermal thickening associated with inflammation

63
Q

keloid

A

irregular, elevated progressively enlarging scar growing beyond boundary of wound

64
Q

lichenification

A

THICKENED EPIDERMIS

65
Q

scale

A

heaped up, keratinized cells from corneum

D & T exam 2 (27 decks)

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