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D & T exam 2 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A

degenerative joint disease

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2
Q

cause of primary osteoarthritis

A

idiopathic

aging

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3
Q

secondary osteoarthritis

A

repeated injury

obesity

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4
Q

what happens to cartilage in osteoarthritis

A

degeneration of cartilage

  • superficial roughened and cracked cartilage
  • joint mice ( loose bodies of cartilage )
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5
Q

what are 3 phases of osteoarthritis

A

chondrocyte injury
chondrocytes proliferate
chondrocyte drop out with loss of cartilage

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6
Q

what happens to the bone in osteoarthritis

A 
bone spurs
bone eburnation (exposed bone on surface)
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7
Q

what are some symptoms of osteoarthtitis

A

worse with use
crepitios of joint
morning stiffness

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8
Q

what nodes and where are found in osteoarthritis

A

Heberden nodes: Osteophytes at DIP in women

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9
Q

what joints does osteoarthritis spare

A

wrist elbow and shoulders

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10
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease

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11
Q

what gender is more prone to rheumatoid arthritis

A

females

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12
Q

what is formed in Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Pannus: exuberant inflamed synovium

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13
Q

what get eroded with Rheumatoid arthritis

A

cartilage and bone

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14
Q

in rheumatoid arthritis 80% have what

A

rheumatoid factor: autoAb against Fc portion or IgG

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15
Q

in Rheumatoid arthritis the Ab attaches to what part of antigen

A

citrullin-modified peptides

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16
Q

what is the synovial fluid content for Rheumatoid arthritis

A

high protein content

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17
Q

how and where does Rheumatoid arthritis present in joints

A

symmetrical
PIP, MCP, MTP,
wrists, ankles, elbow, knees

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18
Q

what makes Rheumatoid arthritis better

A

activity

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19
Q

what are the hand deviations for rheumatoid arthritis

A

radial deviation of wrist
ulnar deviation of fingers
flexion-hyperextension of fingers ( swan neck; boutonniere)

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20
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis, what cysts are found in the back of the knee

A

synovial cysts

baker cysts

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21
Q

clinically what make rhematoid arthritis differenct from osteoarthrisits

A

RA: no DIP

rheumatoid nodules

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22
Q

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

before age 16

knees, wrists, elbows, ankles

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23
Q

how are juvenile idiopathic arthritis and Rheumaoid arthritis the same

A

pannus formation

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24
Q

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

A

pathology in ligamentous attachements
immune mediated
HLA B27

25
Q

who gets Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

A

young adults

more males

26
Q

what joints are impacted with Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

A

axial joints

  • sacroiliac joint
  • apophyseal joint of vertebra
27
Q

how does spine show up as in X-ray for Seronegative Spondyloarthropathes

A

bamboos spine

28
Q

another name for reactive arthritis

A

reiter syndrome

29
Q

what is reactive arthritis

A

appendicular noninfectious arthritis

30
Q

what bacteria can cause reactive arthritis

A

Chlamydia
shigella
salmonella

31
Q

what is the triad symptoms for reactive arthritis

A

arthritis
urethritis
conjunctivitis

32
Q

Reiter syndrome is related to what protein

A

HLA B27

33
Q

what joints does Reiter syndrome get? characteristics

A

ankles, knees, fees
asymmetric pattern
symptoms wax and wane

34
Q

Enteritis associated arthrits is associatd with what bacteria

A

Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella

35
Q

what joints does enteritis associated arthritis occur in and when does it clear

A

knee, and ankles

less than a year

36
Q

Psoratic arthritis associated with what protien

A

HLA B27

37
Q

Psoratic arthritis occurs in what joints

A

DIP of hand ( pencil in cup)

large joints

38
Q

Psoratic arthritis is histologically similar to what other arthritisi

A

rheumatoid arthritis

39
Q

what bacteria causes adolescent/young adult infectious arthritis

A

Gonorrhea

40
Q

what bacteria causeselderly and children infectious arthritis

A

Staph. Aureus

41
Q

what bacteria causes infectious arthritis in sickle cell anemia

A

Salmonella

42
Q

if a person abuses drugs, where is the infectious arthritis most likely to occur

A

axial joints

43
Q

if a person has Gonorrhea, where is the infectious arthritis most likely to occur

A

knee, hip, shoulder, elbow

44
Q

where does infectious arthritis occur for lyme disease

A

knees, shoulders, elbows, ankles

45
Q

what is gout

A

uric acid from purine matabolism

46
Q

tophi

A

mass deposits of urates

47
Q

characterize the crystals of gout

A

negative birefringent

48
Q

what causes secondary gout and what does it lead to

A

nucleic acid turnover

chronic renal disease

49
Q

calcium pryophosphate crystal deposition disease also called

A

pseudogout

50
Q

where are crystals first seen is pseudogout

A

articular matrix, menisci, intervertbral disc

51
Q

characterize the crystals for gout

A

positive birefringent

52
Q

where is ganglion cyst most common? where is it in relation to joint? what degernates

A

wrist

  • no communcation with joint space
  • myxoid or cystic
53
Q

where is synovial cyst located in relation to joint? name a type of synovial cyst

A
  • connected to joint capsule or bursa

- baker cyst

54
Q

Tenosynoival giant cell tumor is what translocaion

A

t(1;2)

55
Q

what are different types of tenosynovial giant cell tumors

A

diffuse

localized

56
Q

what cells are involved in tenosynovial giant-cell tumor

A

macrophages, gaint cells

57
Q

Difuse Tenosynoival giant cell tumor is called

A

pigemnted villonodular synovitis

58
Q

Diffuse Tenosynoival giant cell tumor location

A

knee

59
Q

Localized Tenosynoival giant cell tumor is attached to what and location

A

synovium or tendon

- fingers and wrist

D & T exam 2 (27 decks)

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