sociology theorists in education

Question 1

Bernstein’s study on education

Answer 1

Bernstein there are two types of speech code restricted code ( which is typically used by wc limited vocab, short,unfinished,simple sentences ;context bound) and elaborated code ( typically used by middle class and wider vocab)

Question 2

Bereiter and Engelmann’s study on education?

Answer 2

Language uses in lower class home is deficient (gestures single words,disjointed phrases). As result, children grow up an able to explain and compare.

Question 3

Douglas study on education?

Answer 3

A major early study by Douglas (1964) found that wc parents placed less value on education. As a result they were less ambitious to their children and gave them less encouragement and book less interest in education.

Question 4

Sugarman’s study on education?

Answer 4

the working class subculture has four key features that act as a barrier to educational success like:
Fatalism: belief in fate-nothing you can do to change your status
Collectivism;valuing being part of a group rather than on your own
immediate gratification: seeking pleasure now rather than waiting for a reward.

Question 5

Keddies study on education

Answer 5

Argues that cultural deprivation is “myth” and victim blaming,dismisses the idea that failure is due to a culturally deprived background. points out that a child cannot be deprived of its own culture and argues that working class children are just simply culturally different, not culturally deprived.

Question 6

Howard’s study on education

Answer 6

Young people from poor homes have lower intakes or energy,victims and minerals. Poor nutrition affects health for example weakening kids energy levels/ immune system. This may result in more absence in school.

Question 7

Bourdieu’s theory in education.

Answer 7

Argues that both cultural material factors contribute to educational achievement and are not separate . He also used capital to explain why the middle class are more successful because he believes that educational success based on possession of cultural capital . Capital= wealth.

Question 8

Becker’s study on education.

Answer 8

Carried out an interactionist study of labelling based on interviews with 60 Chicago high school. he found they were judging pupils according to how closely they fitted an image of the ideal pupil. teachers don’t usually see working class as the ideal pupil, they tend to see them as lacking ability and have low expectations of them which results in the working class pupils more likely to be put in lower streams.

Question 9

Rosenthal and Jacobson’s study on education

Answer 9

Told teachers in a primary school in California that they had a new test to identify pupils who would “spurt” ahead, this was untrue because as the test was just a standard IQ test. but importantly the teachers believed what they were told. Rosenthal and Jacobson suggest that the teachers beliefs about the pupils had been influenced by the supposed test results.

Question 10

Archer’s study on education

Answer 10

Teachers labelled pupils based on three different categories.

• ideal pupil
• pathologised pupil
• demonised pupil

Question 11

Ball’s study on education.

Answer 11

We should take away streaming and keep in mind mixed ability. ball found that when the school abolished banding( a form of streaming) the basis for pupil to polarise into subcultures was largely removed and the influence of the anti-school subculture declined

Question 12

Lacey’s theory on education.

Answer 12

Used differentiation and polarisation to explain pupil subcultures.
Differentiation=is the process of teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive their ability, attitude and/or behaviour .
Polarisation= is the process in which pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of two opposite “poles”or extremes.

Question 13

Gillborn and youdell’s study on educational

Answer 13

Teachers were stereotypical when streaming. Teachers are likely to see working class students see working class (and black) pupils as having ability. As a result, these pupils are more likely to be placed in lower streams and entered for lower tier GCSEs.

Question 14

Parsons

Answer 14

Sees school as a bridge between the family and wider society. This bridge is needed because family and society operate on different principles.

Question 15

Davis and moore

Answer 15

See education as a device for selection and role allocation. The focus on the relationship between education and social inequality.

Question 16

Chubb and moe

Answer 16

They argue that the state-run education in the united states has failed because it has not created equal opportunity and has failed the needs of disadvantaged groups.

Question 17

Althusser

Answer 17

The state consists of two elements of “apparatuses” both of which serve to keep the bourgeoise in power

Question 18

Bowles and Gintis

Answer 18

They argue that capitalism requires a workforce with the kind of attitude, behaviour and personality type suited.

Question 19

Willis

Answer 19

Study shows that wc pupils can resists such attempts to indrotrine them.

Question 20

J.W.B Douglas

Answer 20

Working class parents placed less value on education .As a results, they were less ambitious for their children and gave them less encouragement.

Question 21

Sharpe

Answer 21

Interviews with girls in the 1970s and 1990s shows a major shift in the way girls see their future

Question 22

Mc Robbie

Answer 22

Study on girls magazines

Question 23

Francis

Answer 23

Teachers view of them and a negative positive stereotype

Question 24

Evans

Answer 24

To fully understand the relationship between ethnicity and achievement we need to look to look at how ethnicity interacts with gender and class

Question 25

Lupton

Answer 25

Argues that adult authority in Asian families is similar to the model that operates in schools. Respectful behaviour was expected

Question 26

Lacey

Answer 26

Concepts of differentiation and polarisation to explain how pupil subcultures help

Question 27

Ball

Answer 27

Abolishing streaming. Ball found when the school abolished

Question 28

Kelly

Answer 28

Science is seem as a boys subject for ,any reasons

Question 29

Gonard

Answer 29

Gender pay gap in achievement was family constant from 1975 until 1989