couples

Question 1

what is the domestic division of labour?

Answer 1

refers to the roles that men and women play in relation to housework, childcare and paid work.

Question 2

Parsons theory

Answer 2

Traditional nuclear family roles, segregated
Parsons- functionalist model of the family clear division of labour between spouses
Husband- instrumental role-breadwinner, provides financially geared for success
Wife-expressive primary socialisation of children and carer

Question 3

what does parsons argue about the divisions of labour?

Answer 3

is based on biological differences, with women naturally suited to the nurturing role and men the provider. he claims that the divisions of labour is beneficial to both men and women and their children and wider society.

Question 4

sociologists that have criticised parsons?

Answer 4

• young and willmott- men are taking a greater share of domestic tasks and more wives are becoming more age earners
• feminists reject the division of labour- natural and only benefits men

Question 5

Bott’s theory

Answer 5

bott distinguishes between two types of conjugal roles; roles within marriage: segregated conjugal role and joint conjugal role.

Question 6

what does segregated conjugal roles mean?

Answer 6

Separate roles including leisure interest

Question 7

what are joint conjugal roles?

Answer 7

where the couple share tasks-housework and childcare and spend their leisure time together.

Question 8

young and Willmott theory?

Answer 8

March of progress view, trend away from segregated roles towards joint symmetrical roles- although not identical similar

Question 9

what does the symmetrical family mean?

Answer 9

They mean one in which the roles of the husband and wives, although not identical are now much more similar.

Question 10

Examples of a symmetrical family?

Answer 10

• women go out to work
• men now help with housework
• couples spend more leisure time together

Question 11

why there a rise in the symmetrical family?

Answer 11

• changes in women’s position, including married women going to work.
• geographical mobility, there are more couples loving away from the communities which they grew up in.
• new technology and labour saving devices
• higher standards of living.

Question 12

what are feminists opinion on the “march if progress view”

Answer 12

Reject the March of progress view- little has changed’ men and women are still unequal. Society still patriarchal and women occupy subordinate and dependent role within family and wider society

Question 13

what does the feminist Oakley criticise about young and Willmott’s view?

Answer 13

Criticises young and wilmott, argues claims exaggerated, although husbands interviewed helped at least once a week- could include simply taking children for a walk/making breakfast

Question 14

what evidence did Oakley find of husbands helping in the home?

Answer 14

Only 15% of husbands has a high level of participation in housework, and only 25% had high level of participation in childcare.

Question 15

what was Boulton’s view on housework?

Answer 15

she found that fewer than 20%of husbands had a major role in childcare .she also agrees with Oakley by saying that young and Willmott exaggerate men’s contribution rather than the responsibilities. A father may help out with specific tasks, but it was almost always the mother who was responsible for the child’s responsibility and well being and security.

Question 16

what is the march of progress view on the symmetrical family?

Answer 16

they argue that women going out to work is leading to a more equal division of labour at home. in the march of progress view men are becoming more involved in housework and childcare just as women are becoming more involved in paid work outside the home.

Question 17

Gershuny view

Answer 17

argues that women working full time is leading to a more equal division of labour in the home. He found that these women did less domestic work than other women. I.e couples parents had more equal relationships likely to share housework more equally

Question 18

Nuclear family (serial packet family)

Answer 18

Married heterosexual family who have their own biological children

Question 19

Household

Answer 19

A person who is living alone or people who share meals and bills

Question 20

Family

Answer 20

Monogamous married couple with children sharing a residence. Any set arrangement is considered a family

Question 21

What are symmetrical families common in

Answer 21

Young couples- geographically and socially isolated and the more better off

Question 22

What major social changes in the past century have caused a rise in the symmetrical family

Answer 22

• changes in women’s position
• geographical mobility
• higher standards of living
• higher standards of living

Question 23

Why does Boulton support Oakley view

Answer 23

Boulton found that fewer than 20% of husbands had a major role in childcare

Question 24

Sullivan

Answer 24

Found a trend towards women doing a smaller share of domestic work and men doing more

Question 25

British social attitudes survey

Answer 25

2013 found a fall in the number of people who think it is a mans job to earn money and women’s job to look after the home and family.

In 1984 45% of men and 41% of women agreed with this view but by 2012 only 13% of men and 12% of women agreed

Question 26

Duncombe and Marsden- triple shift

Answer 26

Argue that women have to perform a “triple shift” of housework, paid work and emotion work

Question 27

What does Hoschild believes that women are required to perform

Answer 27

Feminist have noted that women are often required to perform emotion work, where they are responsible for managing emotions of the family

Question 28

What do a number of studies suggest that women are more likely to do

Answer 28

Women were much more likely to do laundry, care for sick family members, shop for groceries and do cleaning and prepare meals

Question 29

What do Barrett and Mclntosh note bout decision making in households

Answer 29

• Men gain more from women’s domestic work than give back in financial support
• financial support that husbands give to their wives is unpredictable and comes with strings attached
• men usually make the decisions about spending on items

Question 30

What did kempson find about family members not sharing resources such as money and food equally

Answer 30

In low income families, women denied their own needs: rarely going out eating smaller portions or skipping meals.

In many households, women have no entitlement to share or household resources. As a result she is likely to see anything she spends on herself as money that should be spent on children

Question 31

What two types of control do Feminists pahl and Bolger identify over family income

Answer 31

Allowance system: wives given an allowance to budget for family, any extra keeps for himself

Pooling: both have access to income and joint responsibility, this is on the increase and now most important

Question 32

Why is there still inequality

Answer 32

When pooling income is controlled by men, gives him more power to make major financial decisions (pahl and Vogler)

Question 33

What did Hardill find about dual-career relationships

Answer 33

Study of 30 dual career couples found

1. Important decisions taken by man alone or jointly
2. His career took priority
3. Women lives are structured around mens

Question 34

What did Edgell find in their study of professional couples

Answer 34

Husbands gave the final say about moving house/job

Important decisions such as children’s education rarely makes by women alone

Less important decisions such as home decor made by the wife
This is because men earn more

Question 35

Gershuny

Answer 35

Some evidence of a move towards equality

High earning well laid women are more likely to have a say

Question 36

What does vogler suggest about the meaning of money

Answer 36

Cohabitating couples are less likely to pool money, but more likely to share domestic tasks

Money had no automatic meaning and couples define it in different ways

Question 37

What did smart find about same sex couples

Answer 37

They placed no importance to who controls the money, control control of money doesn’t define equality

Greater freedom for same sex couples to do what they want done have cultural meanings attached to money

Question 38

Weeks

Answer 38

Co independence share household money, but retains control over some Mindy for personal spending

Question 39

Domestic violence

Answer 39

Physical, psychological, sexual or financial violence that takes place within an intimate or family-type relationship and forms a pattern of coercive and controlling behaviour. May involve partners, ex-partners , household members and other relatives

Question 40

What did Dobash and Dobash find about violent incidents

Answer 40

Violent incidents could be set of by what a husband saw as challenge to his authority. Argue marries legitimated violence against women by conferring power and authority on husbands and dependency on wives

Question 41

How do radical feminists interpret Dobash and Dobash evidence

Answer 41

Feminist interpret it as patriarchy. Radical feminists see family and marriage as key institutions in patriarchal society and main source of women’s oppression

Within the family men dominate women through domestic violence/threats of it

Question 42

Evaluation of radical feminist explanation of domestic violence

Answer 42

Robertson Elliot-Reject claim all men benefit from violence against women, not all men aggressive and most opposed to domestic violence- radicals ignores this

Radicals also fail to explain female violence including, child abuse by women and violence against male partners