family diversity

Question 1

What have perspectives such as functionalism and new right been describe as

Answer 1

“Modernists”

This is because they see modern society as having a daily fixed clear cut and predictable structure

Question 2

Parsons

Answer 2

There is a “functional fit” between the nuclear family and the modern family.
Nuclear family meets needs of modern society for geographical and social mobile workforce

Question 3

What two “irreducible functions” does the nuclear family perform

Answer 3

Primary socialisation of children

The stabilisation and effectiveness of society

Question 4

What would functionalist class as a deviant family

Answer 4

Other types are dysfunctional, abnormal and deviant

Question 5

New right

Answer 5

Oppose family diversity
They believe the only normal family type is patriarchal, married, clear division of labour (expressive and instrumental roles )
Family is a place of refuge contentment and harmony
Oppose gay marriage cohabitation and lone parenthood

Question 6

What do new right argue about lone parenthood is threat because

Answer 6

1. Lone mothers cannot discipline children properly
2. Leave boys without a role model
3. Likely to be poorer and claim

Question 7

What do new right believe is the main cause of lone-parenthood

Answer 7

Is the collapse of cohabiting couples

Question 8

Benson (2012)

Answer 8

Argues that couples are more stable when they are married.

Data of parents of 15,000 babies first three years family breakdown is higher in cohabiting couples

Question 9

What do new right believe about marriage.

Answer 9

Marriage can only provide a stable environment because it is a commitment to each other

Question 10

Why new right believe that society is broken

Answer 10

1. Laws and policies such as gay marriage undermines conventional Family
2. only a return to traditional values will prevent damaging children

Question 11

Criticisms of new right

Answer 11

1. Oakley wrongly roles are fixed by biological
2. Feminists nuclear family is an oppression of women
3. No evidence that children from single parent families are delinquent
4. Cohabitation can be seen as an alternative to marriage
5. Cohabitation is more common amongst poorer social groups - poverty could be the reason for the breakground

Question 12

Chester

Answer 12

Different to New right

Move from traditional nuclear family to dual earner families-neoconventional family (symmetrical)

Question 13

Neo conventional family

Answer 13

Dual earner family family in which both spouses go out to work and not just the husband

Question 14

How are statistics on household composition misleading

Answer 14

Because they are merely a snapshot of snap shot of a single moment in time. Most people living in one person household were in a nuclear family at one point

Question 15

Why does Chester argues that little has changed

Answer 15

1. Most people live in a house headed by a married couple
2. most adults get married
3. Most divorces re marry
4. Cohabitation is a temporary phrase
5. birth outside are jointly registered

Question 16

The rappoports

Answer 16

Argue that we have moved away from traditional family types to a range of different types (pluralistic)

Question 17

The five types of family diversity by the rappoports

Answer 17

1. Organisational diversity-single and dual roles/earners
2. cultural diversity-different cultural/religious groups have different structures e.gblack lone households
3. social class diversity-different in child-rearing practises
4. Life stage diversity- young, newleyweds retried
5. generational diversity-older generations have different values

Question 18

living apart single

Answer 18

people who are in a serious relationship but who are not cohabiting or marriage

Question 19

single person household

Answer 19

household that contains one person who lives alone this can include widowed pensioners

Question 20

serial monogamy

Answer 20

having several serious relationships one after the another

Question 21

empty shell marriage

Answer 21

the married couple are only together because of the their children

Question 22

multi family house holds

Answer 22

three generations living under the same roof

Question 23

cohabitation

Answer 23

living with a partner

Question 24

cultural diversity (Rapoport and Rapoports types of family diversity)

Answer 24

different cultural/religious groups have different structures e.g black lone households

Question 25

class diversity(Rapoport and Rapoports types of family diversity)

Answer 25

different views are often held by different parts of society.

Question 26

Giddens

Answer 26

argues that individual choice dictates family relationships-he calls this the individual thesis

Question 27

what does Chester suggest about the nuclear family.

Answer 27

nuclear family is the dominant family structure. Chester also suggested that nuclear family are becoming less traditional and more symmetrical to better fir modern living

Question 28

what do new right theorist believe family diversity is the result of

Answer 28

a decline is traditional values. new right see it as a threat to the traditional nuclear family and blame it for antisocial behaviour and crime.

Question 29

Murray (1989)

Answer 29

suggest that single-mother families are a principle cause of crime and social decay, because of lack of male role model authority figure in the home.

Question 30

perverse incentive

Answer 30

rewarded for doing something bad

Question 31

may

Answer 31

argues that individualism thesis is based on idealised view of freedom of choice.

Question 32

week, Donavon

Answer 32

found that there has been an increase in the number of gay or lesbian households since the 1980s, this due to changes in attitudes and legislations

Question 33

beck

Answer 33

believes many people now live in “negotiated families”-family unites that vary according to the needs to the people in them

Question 34

“negotiated families”

Answer 34

family unites that vary according to the needs to the people in them

Question 35

stacey

Answer 35

has highlighted the existence of “divorce extended family stay connected by choice after divorce

Question 36

Consensus theories

Answer 36

Consensus theories are those that see people in society as having shared interests and society functioning on the basis of there being broad consensus on its norms and values