Ethinic differences in achievement

Question 1

cultural deprivation

Answer 1

sees the underachievement of some ethnic groups as the result of inadequate socialisation in the home.

Question 2

what are the three main aspects of cultural deprivation

Answer 2

intellectual and linguistic skills
attitudes and values
family structure and parental support.

Question 3

intellectual and linguistic skills.

Answer 3

cultural deprivation theorists see the lack of intellectual and linguistic skills as a major cause of underachievement for many minority children.

Question 4

what do cultural deprivation theorist argue about children from low income black families.

Answer 4

they argue that low income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences. this leaves them poorly equipped for school because they have not been able to develop reasoning and problem solving skills

Question 5

Bereiter and Engelmann

Answer 5

they argue that black American language is disjointed/ungrammatical.

Question 6

what do cultural deprivation theorist believe about the attitudes and values of black children

Answer 6

fatalistic attitudes

Question 7

Murray

Answer 7

argues that a high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of positive male role models lead to underachievement of some minorities.

Question 8

Sewell

Answer 8

Sewell sees the problem as a lack of fatherly nurturing or “tough love” (firm, fair, respectful and non-abusive discipline).

Question 9

in Sewell view what do Indian and Chinese pupils benefit from supportive parents who have what?

Answer 9

“Asian work ethic” and place high value on education.

Question 10

Lupton

Answer 10

argues that adult authority in Asian families is similar to the model that operates in schools. she found that respectful behaviour towards adults is expected from children.

Question 11

AO3 of external cultural deprivation

Answer 11

Driver critics the CDT for ignoring positive affects of ethnicity on achievement.
Lawrence argues that black pupils underachieve not because of self-esteem, but because of racism.

Question 12

Material Deprivation

Answer 12

means lack of those physical necessities that are seen as essential or normal for life in today’s society.

Question 13

why does palmer believe ethnic minorities are more likely to experience substandard housing and low income.

Answer 13

Almost half of ethnic minority children live in low income households.
some cultures prevent women from working outside the home

Question 14

A03 for external material deprivation

Answer 14

deprived Asian families still do better.

Question 15

Wood

Answer 15

CV’s for white names more likely to get interviews and experience housing discrimination.

Question 16

Gillborn and youdell

Answer 16

they found that teachers were quicker to discipline black students. black students are labelled as disruptive and more likely to be put in lower streams.

Question 17

racialised expectations

Answer 17

they immediately expect a higher level of behavioural issues with black children.

Question 18

archer

Answer 18

defines ethnic minority pupils identities as lacking the favoured identity of the ideal pupil

Question 19

what are the three different pupil identities that archer identified

Answer 19

ideal pupil
pathologized pupil identity
demonised pupil identity

Question 20

the ideal pupil identities

Answer 20

A white, middle-class, masculinised identity, with a normal sexuality. this pupil is seen as achieving the “right” way, through natural ability and initiative.

Question 21

pathologized pupil identity

Answer 21

an Asian, “deserving poor” , feminised identity either asexual or with an oppressed sexuality. this pupil is seen as an over achiever

Question 22

demonised pupil identity

Answer 22

a black or white, working class- hypersexualised identity. this pupil is seen as unintelligent, peer led, culturally deprived under-achiever.

Question 23

fuller and Mac and Ghalil

Answer 23

black girls rejected labels and determined to succeed for themselves.

Question 24

Sewell

Answer 24

Sewell notes black boys responses to schooling, including racist stereotypes by teachers

Question 25

what four responses does Sewell identity to schooling.

Answer 25

rebels
the conformists
the retreatist
the innovators.

Question 26

the rebels

Answer 26

most visible and influential group but they were only a small minority of black pupils. often excluded from schools.

Question 27

the conformists

Answer 27

were the largest group. these boys were keen to succeed , accepted school goals

Question 28

the retreatist

Answer 28

were minority of isolated individuals who were disconnected from both school and black subcultures and were despised by the rebels .

Question 29

the innovators

Answer 29

were the second largest group. They valued success but did not seek approval from teachers.

Question 30

A03 for labelling

Answer 30

pupils don’t always respond to racism.

Question 31

institutionalised racism

Answer 31

discrimination that is built into the way institutions such as schools and colleges operate.

Question 32

critical race theory

Answer 32

sees racism as ingrained feature of society. this means that it involves not just the intentional actions of individuals but, more importantly, intuitional racism.

Question 33

locked in inequality

Answer 33

the scale historical discriminations is so large that there is no longer needs to be any conscious intent to discriminate- the inequality becomes self- perpetuating it feeds on its self

Question 34

ethnocentric curriculum

Answer 34

curriculum that reflects the culture of one ethnic group usually the dominant culture.

Question 35

Ball

Answer 35

criticises the national curriculum for ignoring ethnic diversity and for promoting an attitude of “little Englandism”

Question 36

little Englandism

Answer 36

the history curriculum tries to recreate a “mythical age of empire and past glories”, while ignoring the history of black and Asian people.

Question 37

Tikely et al (2006)

Answer 37

found that in 30 schools in the “aiming high” initiative to raise black Caribbean pupils achievement, blacks were nevertheless more likely than whites to be entered for lower tier GCSE exams.

Question 38

new Iqism

Answer 38

put into sets based on behaviour

Question 39

AO3 institutionalized racism

Answer 39

doesn’t explain why Asian pupils outperform black pupils.