Socio-Religious Reform Movements: Flashcards
sati described as a “murder according to every
shastra
Raja Rammohan Roy
rationalism is our only preceptor
Akshay Kumar Dutt
the infallibility of the Vedas was repudiated
Brahmo Samaj
brought medical opinion to support
his views against child marriage
Akshay Kumar Dutt
said that all prophets had the same ‘din’
Syed Ahmed Khan
the reformist movements like
Brahmo Samaj,
the Prarthana Samaj, the Aligarh Movement
revivalist
movements like
Arya Samaj and the Deoband movement
The regulation of 1829
applicable in the first instance to Bengal
Presidency alone, but was extended in slightly modified forms to Madras and Bombay Presidencies in 1830
ACTs declared infanticide
illegal and equivalent to murder. An
Bengal regulations of 1795 and 1804
made
it compulsory for parents to register the birth of all babies
An Act passed in 1870
had the issue of widow remarriage high on its agenda and did much to popularise it
The Brahmo Samaj
the principal of Sanskrit
College, Calcutta
Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
were among the active promoters of girls’ schools in Maharashtra
Jagannath Shankar Seth and Bhau Daji
founded the Widow Remarriage Association
in the 1850
Vishnu Shastri Pandit
started the Satya Prakash in Gujarati
in 1852 to advocate widow remarriage
Karsondas Mulji
became the secretary of the Widow
Remarriage Association.
D.K. Karve
right of widows to remarriage was also advocated by
B.M. Malabari, Narmad (Narmadashankar Labhshankar Dave), Justice
Govind Mahadeo Ranade and K. Natarajan, Veerasalingam Pantulu in Madras
The Native Marriage
Act (or Civil Marriage Act), 1872
signified legislative action
in prohibiting child marriage. It had a limited impact as the Act was not applicable to Hindus, Muslims and other recognised faiths
the enactment of the Age
of Consent Act (1891) which forbade the marriage of girls below the age of 12.
B.M. Malabari
further pushed
up the marriage age to 18 and 14 for boys and girls
The Sarda Act (1930
raised the age of marriage for girls
from 15 to 18 years and for boys from 18 to 21
the Child Marriage Restraint
(Amendment) Act, 1978
was associated with no less than 35 girls’
schools in Bengal and is considered one of the pioneers of women’s education
Pandit Ishwar
Chandra Vidyasagar
The Indian Women’s University set up
by Professor D.K. Karve in 1916
convened the first meeting of the Bharat Stree
Mahamandal in Allahabad
Sarla Devi Chaudhurani
believed that the man working for women’s upliftment lived ‘under the shade of Manu’.
Sarla Devi Chaudhurani
founded the Ladies Social Conference
(Bharat Mahila Parishad), under the parent organisation
National Social Conference, in 1904 in Bombay
Ramabai Ranade
Pandita Ramabai Saraswati founded the Arya Mahila
Samaj
Pandita Ramabai Saraswati
Arya Mahilan Samaj
resulted in medical education for
women which started in Lady Dufferin College
established a branch of Arya Mahila Samaj in
Bombay
Ramabai Ranade
Played imp role in National Council of Women in India, a national branch of the International Council of Women
Mehribai Tata
India’s first lady barrister
Cornelia Sarabji
National Council of Women in India, a national branch of the International Council of Women member
Mehribai Tata, Cornelia Sarabji , Shaffi Tyabji, Tarabai Premchand Maharani Sucharu Devi of upper-class English wome
The All India Women’s Conference (AIWC), founded
by
Margaret Cousins in 1927
perhaps the first women’s organisation with an egalitarian approach.
The All India Women’s Conference (AIWC),
Founding members The All India Women’s Conference (AIWC)
Maharani Chimnabai Gaekwad, Rani Sahiba
of Sangli, Sarojini Naidu, Kamla Devi Chattopadhyaya and Lady Dorab Tata.
worked towards various legislative reforms
The rulers of states like took
the initiative in opening all state temples by proclamation
Travancore, Indore and Devas
the All India Harijan Sangh.
Gandhi
organised
the All India Scheduled Castes Federation,
Dr. B.R Ambedkar
Self-Respect Movement led by
by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker.
coined the slogan “one religion, one caste, one God for mankind
Sri Narayana Guru in Kerala
no religion, no caste, no God for mankind”
Sahadaran Ayyapan
established the Bahishkrit Hitakarini
Sabha in 1924
Dr Ambedkar
Educate, Agitate and Organise
Dr Ambedkar
wrote Gift to Monotheists (1809)
Raja Rammohan Roy
set up the Atmiya Sabha
Raja Rammohan Roy
if reason demanded it, even a departure from
the scriptures is justified.
Raja Rammohan Roy
his Precepts of Jesus
Raja Rammohan Roy
founded the Brahmo Sabha in
August 1828
Raja Rammohan Roy
found the Hindu College in 1817
David Hare
established a Vedanta college
Raja Rammohan Roy
headed Tattvabodhini Sabha (founded in 1839)
Debendranath Tagore
founded the Brahmo Samaj of India
Keshab Chandra Sen
Adi Brahmo Samaj
Debendranath Tagore
Sadharan Brahmo Samaj was started by
Ananda Mohan Bose, Shibchandra Deb and Umesh Chandra Datta
opening of Dayal Singh College at
Lahore in 1910.
Dayal Singh Trust sought to implant
Brahmo ideas
Prarthana Samaj founder
Atmaram Pandurang
A precursor of the Prarthana Samaj was
the Paramahansa Sabha
Prarthana Samaj leaders
R. G. Bhandarkar (1837-
1925) and N.G. Chandavarkar
Widow Remarriage Movement as well as Widows’
Home Association with
karve and ranade
Young Bengal Movement
Henry Vivian Derozio
the pioneers of the modern civilisation of Bengal, the conscript fathers of our race whose virtues will
excite veneration and whose failings will be treated with gentlest consideration”.
Surendranath Banerjea was to describe the
Derozians
he helped organise thirtyfive
girls’ schools
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
He started the newspaper Darpan in 1832
Balshastri Jambhekar
In 1840, he started Digdarshan which published
articles on scientific subjects as well as history
Balshastri Jambhekar
founded the Bombay Native General Library
Balshastri Jambhekar
founded Native Improvement Society of which an
offshoot was the Students Literary and Scientific Library
Balshastri Jambhekar
He was the first professor of Hindi at the Elphinston College,= besides being a director of the Colaba Observatory.
Balshastri Jambhekar
Paramahansa Mandali founders
Dadoba Pandurang, Mehtaji Durgaram
ideology of the society was closely linked to that of the Manav Dharma Sabha
Paramahansa Mandali
their meetings, food cooked by lower caste people was taken by the members
Paramahansa Mandali
founded the Satyashodhak
Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society) in 1873
Phule
Sarvajanik Satyadharma and Gulamgiri
Phule
used the symbol of Rajah Bali as opposed to the brahmins’ symbol of Rama
Phule
also opened a home
for widows in 1854
Phule
“If religion does not sanction social reform, then change religion.”
Gopalhari Deshmukh ‘Lokahitawadi’
wrote for a weekly Prabhakar
Gopalhari Deshmukh ‘Lokahitawadi’
the post of a judge under British raj
Gopalhari Deshmukh ‘Lokahitawadi’
started a weekly, Hitechhu
Gopalhari Deshmukh ‘Lokahitawadi’
played a leading role in founding the periodicals, Gyan Prakash, Indu Prakash and Lokahitawad
Gopalhari Deshmukh ‘Lokahitawadi’
He was a cofounder
of the New English School, the Deccan Education
Society and Fergusson College
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
was a principal of
Fergusson Colleg
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
first editor of Kesari
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
Sudharak
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
The Servants of India Society founder
Gopal Krishna Gokhale and MG Ranade
the Hitavada founder
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
After Gokhale’s death (1915), he took
over as president.
Srinivasa Shastri
Social Service League founder
NM Joshi
founded the All India Trade Union Congress (1920
NM Joshi
who was known in childhood
as Gadadhar Chattopadhyay
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
himself laid the foundations of the Ramakrishna
Math
Paramahamsa
Ramakrishna Mission founded
Swami Vivekananda
As many faiths, so many paths
Paramahamsa
Service of man is the
service of God
Paramahamsa
His mission was to bridge the gulf between
paramartha (service) and vyavahara (behaviour)
Swami Vivekananda
“For our own motherland a junction of the two
great systems, Hinduism and Islam, is the only hope
Swami Vivekananda
The service of jiva (living objects) is the worship of Siva
Swami Vivekananda
Arya Sama founder
Dayananda Saraswati
Satyarth Prakash (The True Exposition
Dayananda Saraswati
He took inspiration from the Vedas and considered
them to be ‘India’s Rock of Ages
Dayananda Saraswati
He gave the slogan “Back to the
Vedas
Dayananda Saraswati
Arya Samaj fixed the minimum marriageable age
at twenty-five years for boys and sixteen years for girls
lamented the Hindu race as “the
children of children”
Dayananda Saraswati
started the Gurukul at Hardwar in 1902 to impart education in the traditional framework
Swami Shraddhanand
Dayananda also met other reformers
of the time
Keshab Chandra Sen, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar,
Ranade, Deshmukh,
The work of the Swami Dayanand after his
death was carried forward by
Lala Hansraj, Pandit Gurudutt,
Lala Lajpat Rai and Swami Shraddhanand,
started the
shuddhi (purification) movement to reconvert to the Hindu
fold the converts to Christianity and Islam
Arya Samaj
Seva Sadan founder
Behramji M. Malabari along with a friend,
Diwan Dayaram Gidumal
his efforts that led to the Age of Consent Act
Behramji M. Malabari
and edited the Indian
Spectator
Behramji M. Malabari
Dev Samaj Founded
in 1887 at Lahore by Shiv Narayan Agnihotri
It called for an ideal social behaviour
Dev Samaj
Its teachings were compiled in a book, Deva Shastra
Dev Samaj
Dharma Sabha
Radhakant Deb
Bharat Dharma Mahamandala consisted of
Sanatana Dharma Sabha (1895),
the Dharma Maha Parishad in South India, and Dharma
Mahamandali in Bengal.
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya was a prominent figure in this
movement.
Bharat Dharma Mahamandala
Radhaswami Movement founder
Tulsi Ram, a banker from Agra, also known as Shiv Dayal
Sree Narayana Guru Dharma Paripalana
(SNDP) Movement
started by Sree Narayana Guru Swamy (1856-
1928) among the Ezhavas of Keral
The movementment drew the famous poet Kumaran
Asan as a disciple of Narayana Guru.
(Aruvippuram movement
the Aruvippuram Kshetra Yogam was formed which was decided to expand into a big organisation is related to
Sree Narayana Guru Dharma Paripalana
(SNDP) Movement
He had started the fight for social
justice through movements like Ezhava Memorial, Malayali
Memorial,
Dr Palpu
Devoid of dividing walls of caste or race, or hatred of rival faith, we all live here in brotherhood
Sree Narayana Guru Swamy
Justice Movement in Madras Presidency was started by
C.N. Mudaliar, T.M. Nair and P. Tyagaraja
Self-Respect Movement
E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker, a
Balija Naidu
by formalising weddings without brahmin priests.
Self-Respect Movement
took up the issue of temple
entry with the Travancore administration.
T.K. Madhavan
editor of Deshabhimani
T.K. Madhavan
Vaikom Satyagraha led by
K.P. Kesava Temple Entry Movement
temple entry movement was organised in
Kerala.
Subramaniyam Tirumambu P. Krishna
Pillai and A.K. Gopalan
the ‘singing sword of Kerala
Subramaniyam Tirumambu
Kulinism
refers to marriage of a kulina girl to a man in the same class as well as marriage to one in a higher class prevalent in Bengal
Indian Social Conference
M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Ra
social reform cell of
the Indian National Congress,
Indian Social Conference
launched the ‘Pledge Movement’ to inspire people to take
a pledge against child marriage
Indian Social Conference
the founder of the Wahabi Movement.
Sayyid Ahmed Barelvi
organised the Muslim peasants of Bengal against
the landlords, who were mosly Hindu, and the British indigo
Mir Nithar Ali, popularly known as Titu Mir,
Fara’idi Movement founder
Haji Shariatullah i
Fara’idi Movemen became revolutionary from 1840 onwards under
Dudu Mian
Ahmadiyya Movement by
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
the Aligarh Movement
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
believed in the fundamental underlying unity
of religions or ‘practical morality
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Tahdhib-ul-Akhlaq (Improvement of Manners
and Morals).
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
The Deoband Movement
Mohammad Qasim Nanotavi (1832-80) and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi (1828-1905)
in 1888 issued a fatwa (religious decree) against Syed Ahmed Khan’s organisations
The Deoband Movement
United Patriotic Association
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
the new Deoband leader, gave a political and intellectual content to the religious ideas of the school
Mahmud-ul-Hasan
gave a concrete
shape to Hasan’s ideas of protection of the religious and
political rights of the Muslims
The Jamiat-ul-Ulema
a supporter of the Deoband school, favoured the inclusion of English language and European sciences in the system of education
Shibli Numani,
He founded the Nadwatal
Ulama and Darul Uloom in Lucknow in 1894
Shibli Numani,
He believed in the idealism of the Congress and cooperation between the Muslims and the Hindus of India to create a state in which both could live amicably
Shibli Numani,
The Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha (Religious Reform
Association) leaders
Naoroji Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji, K.R. Cama and S.S. Bengalee
Rast
Goftar (Truth-Teller).
The Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha (Religious Reform
Association) leaders
Akali movement (also known as Gurudwara Reform Movement) was an offshoot of the
The Singh Sabha Movement
Theosophical Society in
New York City
Madame H.P. Blavatsky (1831-
1891) and Colonel M.S. Olcott,
laid the foundation of the Central Hindu
College in Benaras in 1898
Annie Besant
