Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909) Flashcards
Three ‘P’s”of moderates
prayer, petition and protes
Dayananda’s political message was ‘
India for the Indians’.
nationalist thinkers with Militant School of Thought
Raj Narain Bose, Ashwini Kumar Datta, Aurobindo Ghosh and Bipin Chandra Pal in Bengal;
Vishnu Shastri Chiplunkar and Bal Gangadhar Tilak
in Maharashtra; and
Lala Lajpat Rai in Punjab
British government’s decision to partition Bengal had
been made public in
December 1903
On August 7, 1905, with the passage of , the formal
proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was made.
the Boycott Resolution in a massive
meeting held in the Calcutta Townhall
Amar Sonar Bangla’, the national anthem of
present-day Bangladesh, during swadeshi movement was composed by
Rabindranath Tagore,
Swadeshi movement spread to other parts of the
country—
in Poona and Bombay under Tilak,
in Punjab under Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh,
in Delhi under Syed Haider Raza, and in Madras under Chidambaram Pillai.
it was declared that the goal of the Indian National Congress was “self-government or swaraj like the United Kingdom or the colonies” of Australia or Canada
Congress session held at Calcutta
(1906) under the presidentship of Dadabhai Naoroji
make the administration under present conditions impossible by an organised refusal to do anything which will help either the British commerce in the exploitation of the country or British officialdom in the administration of it”.
Aurobindo Ghosh
Political freedom is the lifebreath of a nation,” declared
Aurobindo Ghosh
Swadesh Bandhab Samiti during swadeshi movement of (
Ashwini Kumar Dutta
Swadeshi Sangam formed in
In Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu by V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, Subramania Siva
Bengal National College, inspired by Tagore’s Shantiniketan, was set up with
Aurobindo Ghosh as its principal
was set up for technical education and funds were raised to send students to Japan for advanced learning
A Bengal Institute of Technology
Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company—at
Tuticorin,
V.O. Chidambaram Pillai’s venture into a national shipbuilding enterprise
The nationalists of all hues took inspiration from songs
written by
Rabindranath Tagore, Rajnikant Sen, Dwijendralal
Ray, Mukunda Das, Syed Abu Mohammad a
wrote Sudesha Geetham
In Tamil Nadu, Subramania Bharati
who left a major imprint on Indian art, was the first recipient of a scholarship offered by the Indian Society of Oriental Art, founded in 1907.
Nandalal
Bose
Muslims participated who participated in Swadeshi movement
Barrister Abdul Rasul, Liaqat Hussain, Guznavi, Maulana Azad
most of the upper and middle class Muslims stayed away or, led by
Nawab Salimullah of Dacca
walked out in protest against a derogatory work regulation
Bengali clerks of the Burn Company, Howrah,
led strikes in Tuticorin and Tirunelveli in a foreign-owned cotton mill
Subramania Siva and Chidambaram Pillai
In Rawalpindi (Punjab), the arsenal and railway workers went on strike led by
Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh
the social base of the Swadeshi movement expanded to
include certain sections of the zamindari, the students, the women, and the lower middle classes in cities and towns
It was decided to annul the partition of Bengal in 1911 mainly
to curb the menace of revolutionary terrorism.
Swadeshi movement largely remained confined to the
upper and middle classes and zamindars, and failed to reach the masses—especially the peasantry
Believed in England’s providential mission in India
Moderates
Tilak’s opposition to
the Age of Consent Bill (which would have raised the
marriageable age for girls from 10 years to 12 years
Also a resolution supporting the programme of swadeshi, boycott and national education was passed.
At the Calcutta session of the Congress in December
1906
The Extremists wanted the 1907 session to be held into be held in
Nagpur
Tilak, the main Extremist leader, was tried in 1909 for sedition for
what he had written in 1908 in his Kesari about a bomb thrown by Bengal revolutionaries in Muzaffarpur, resulting in the death of two innocent European wome
the policy was to be of ‘rallying them’ or the policy of ‘carrot and stick’.
(John Morley— the secretary of state)
Simla
Deputation, led by
the Agha Khan, met Lord Minto and demanded separate electorates for the Muslims and representation in excess of their numerical strength
Muslim League, initially floated by
Nawab Salimullah of Dacca along with Nawabs Mohsin-ul-Mulk and Waqar-ul- Mulk in
also went to England to meet the Secretary of State for India, John Morley, to put Congress demands of self-governing system similar to that in the other British colonies.
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
The elective principle was recognised for the nonofficial membership of the councils in India
Indian Councils Act of 1909.
For the first time, separate electorates for Muslims
for election to the central council was established
Indian Councils Act of 1909.
In the provincial councils, non-official majority
was introduced,
Indian Councils Act of 1909.
the budget as a whole could not be voted upon.
Indian Councils Act of 1909.
One Indian was to be appointed to the viceroy’s executive council (Satyendra Sinha was the first Indian to be appointed in 1909).
Indian Councils Act of 1909.
The elected members were to be indirectly elected
Indian Councils Act of 1909.
“If it could be said that this chapter of reforms led directly or indirectly to the establishment of a parliamentary system in India, I, for one, would have nothing at all to do with it.
Lord Morley
it gave the impression of “infiltration of legislators through a number of sieves
Indian Councils Act of 1909.
