Socialization Flashcards
What is the nature theory? /1(4)
belief that genes we get from our parents are the main cause for our:
Behavior
Beliefs
Values
What is the nurture theory? /2(5)
our environment is the primary influence on the way we
Think
Feel
Behave
plays the most important role in human behavior
What is socialization?
lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and:
Physical
Mental
Social skills needed for survival in society
What causes the nurture theory? /2
extreme cases of isolation
demonstrate the importance of socialization and human interaction
How does Functionalism view socialization? /3
it helps to pass on cultural norms and values
without socialization, there would be no common or shared culture
society would not work without socialization
How does Conflict Theory view socialization? /2(6)
people in different social groups are socialized into different beliefs and behaviors
reproduces inequalities between: classes religions ethnicities other social groups
How does the Feminist Theory view socialization? /2
inequalities between men and women are not natural and not inevitable
introduces gender socialization
What is gender socialization?
the attitudes and behaviors that a society defines as appropriate for each sex
How Symbolic interactionism view socialization? /2
focuses on how the process of socialization takes place between individuals and within small groups
offers the most explanations of how socialization occurs
Who is George Herbert Mead? /2(5)
believes that people develop a sense of self by taking on roles
The 3 stages:
- Preparatory stage
- Play stage
- Game stage
What is the Preparatory Stage? /2
copy everything people around us do
done until the age of 3
What is the Play Stage? /2
become more discriminating and intimate to only significant others
done until stage 5
What is a significant other? /2
whose care, affection, and approval we value and desire
parents are significant others for children
What is the Game Stage? /2
understand that social behavior is structured by rules
become more aware of the demands and expectations of others
What is the ‘looking-glass self’ theory? /4
use other people as a mirror to ourselves
imagine how we look to them and how they judge us
develop a sense of ourselves
developed by Charles Horton Cooley
Who is Erik Erikson? /3
proposed the 8 ‘psychosocial’ stages of development
each transition marked by a crisis
a model that spanned entire lives because socialization is a lifelong process
Who is Lawrence Kohlberg? /2
concerned about moral development
morality develops in stages of 3
What are the 3 morality stages? /3
primarily self-centered, only concerned about ourselves
conventional, internalize the norms and values of our culture to help determine what is right and wrong
our morality is based on abstract principles
Who is Carol Gilligan? /2(4)
introduced a feminist perspective in moral reasoning
concluded moral decisions arise from 2 different principles:
- Morality of justice
- Morality of care
What is Morality of justice? /2
based on the rule of law
typically followed by males
What is Morality of care? /2
make moral decisions by a standard of how best to help those who are in need
followed most likely by females
What are the agents of socialization?
people/groups/institutions that teach what we need to know in order to participate in society
What are the 4 agents of socialization? /4
Family
Peers
School
Media
How is family an agent of socialization? /4(6)
relatively small and intimate
effective at installing the multitudes of values, beliefs, and behavioral norms
gives ascribed statuses:
- Ethnicity
- Socioeconomic status
family members teach by direct instruction (Mead 1st stage)
How are peers an agent of socialization? /4
people who are similar in age and share common interests with you
help you to separate from your family
become more involved in the wider society
not controlled by adults
How is school an agent of socialization? /3(6)
have the formal task of passing on the dominant culture’s knowledge, values and beliefs
prepare people for the job market
teach about:
- Competition
- Materialism
- Obedience to authority
How does school prepare people for the job market? /3
transmitting knowledge on:
- Academic
- Technical
- Scientific
How is media an agent of socialization?
method of communication that reach large numbers of people
What is mass media? /2
few people produce the content
distributed to and consumed by a mass audience
What is social media? /2
forms of electronic communication
users create and share information
What are the 3 types of socialization? /3
Primary socialization
Secondary socialization
Resocialization
What is primary socialization? /2
when a child learns the beliefs, values and behaviors appropriate to a particular culture
typically parents of children pass on the long list of social norms
What is secondary socialization? /3
process of learning the appropriate behavior as a member of a particular group within a larger society
encounter new norms and expectations
learn to accept and integrate as you adapt to your new social group
What is resocialization? /5(8)
process of learning new and replace the old:
- Values
- Beliefs
- Behaviors
occur in total institutions that isolate people from outside influences in order to be controlled and reformed
may be imposed
controls all aspects of a person’s life
can change the individual’s sense of self
What are the characteristics of total institutions (resocialization)? /7
there is one authority
activities take place in specific locations
carefully constructed activities control the participants
authorities carefully screen all information from outside the institution
rules and roles are clearly defined
strict hierarchy exists within the institution
total institutions restrict individual choice
What is Dramaturgy? /4(6)
Erving Goffman
tackle social situations with 2 selves:
- Character
- Performer
impression management to influence how others see us
backstage + front stage
What is the front stage?
the part if us others see
What is backstage? /2
behavior that reveals our truer selves
usually reserved for family or close friends
