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Individual and Society > Development of Sociology > Flashcards

Development of Sociology Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What were the first evidences of sociology? /7

A

Plato’s Republic

More’s Utopia

the Bible

Koran

Torah

Hindu Epics

myths and legends

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2
Q

What did the first evidences of sociology have in common? /2

A

focused on what society ought to be

did not describe what society actually was

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3
Q

What are the key factors in the development of sociology? /6

A

industrialization

urbanization

colonialism

political changes

scientific method

theory of evolution

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4
Q

What contribution did industrialization do for sociology? /2

A

1700-1800s

Western Europe societies changed from primarily agricultural production to industrial manufacturing

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5
Q

What contribution did urbanization do for sociology? /3

A

people moving from the countryside and into the city

new living and working conditions resulted in many new social problems

people began wondering ‘how’ and ‘why’ society was undergoing such dramatic transformations

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6
Q

What are some examples of the new social problems that came with urbanization? /3

A

crime

pollution

overcrowding

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7
Q

What contribution did the scientific method do for sociology? /2

A

was applied to the study of human social behavior

developed and used with great success

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8
Q

What contribution did colonialism do for sociology? /2

A

Western European countries came into contact with societies that were considerably different from their own

thinkers wished to understand and explain this diversity

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9
Q

What contribution did political changes do for sociology? /4

A

thinkers of enlightenment popularized radically new ideas

liberty

equality

democracy

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10
Q

What are 2 major examples of the contribution of political changes in sociology? /2

A

American Revolution (1776)

French Revolution (1789)

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11
Q

What was the cause of the 2 political changing events of 1776 and 1789?

A

motivated by the belief that the human social condition could and should be improved by the application of reason

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12
Q

What contribution did the theory of evolution do for sociology? /2

A

Charles Darwin’s theory was applied by social theorists

began to see societies in terms of different stages of evolution

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13
Q

Who were the early sociological thinkers? /14

A

Ibn Khaldun

Auguste Comte

Herbert Spencer

Emile Durkheim

Robert Merton

Karl Marx

W.E.B Du Bois

Charles Horton Cooley

George Herbert Mead

Max Weber

Erving Goffman

Harriet Martineau

Jane Addams

C. Wright Mills

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14
Q

Who is Ibn Khaldun? /3

A

Arab historian

developed Umran (the science of social organization)

transformed the practice of writing history from collecting various tales to a science based on the study of records and events that could be verified

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15
Q

Who is Auguste Comte? /3

A

French philosopher

coined the term sociologie

positivism, the use of the scientific method in the study of society

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16
Q

Who is Herbert Spencer? /2

A

argued that human societies evolve through stages

social Darwinism, applied Darwin’s theory of evolution to societies

17
Q

Who is Emile Durkheim? /3

A

first professor of sociology

wrote “Sociological Method”, establishing sociology as a scientific pursuit

famous study on suicide showed how an individual’s behavior is governed by social forces

18
Q

Who is Robert Merton? /2

A

all social institutions are functional

these functions may be MANIFEST (intended) or LATENT (unintended)

19
Q

Who is Karl Marx? /3

A

wrote about the social effects of industrialization

saw social change as inevitable and necessary

only a socialist revolution would overcome the inequalities of the capitalist economy

20
Q

Who is W.E.B Du Bois? /2

A

studied the issue of race in the US

discovered that poverty among African Americans was primarily a result of prejudice and discrimination

21
Q

Who is Charles Horton Cooley? /4

A

used the sociological perspective to look at small social groups

looking-glass self theory

theory of socialization

how we develop a sense of social identity

22
Q

Who is George Herbert Mead? /3

A

root of society is the symbols that teach us to understand the world

help us to develop a sense of self

23
Q

Who is Max Weber? /3

A

Verstehen

to understand social situations = to understand the subjective meaning given to those situations

identified ‘ideal types’ as theoretical models of actual social institutions

24
Q

Who is Erving Goffman? /3

A

Dramaturgy

all social life is like acting

always trying to manage impressions in social situations

25
Q

Who is Harriet Martineau? /4

A

translated the writings of Comte into English

wrote about slavery in the U.S

exploitation of factory workers

promoted the standing of women/feminism

26
Q

Who is Jane Addams? /2

A

promoted the practice of ‘applied sociology’

sociological theory could be used in a productive manner to improve social injustices

27
Q

Who is C. Wright Mills? /3

A

wrote the classic essay “The Sociological Imagination”

define the fundamental premise of sociology

ability to understand the relationship between wider social forces and one’s personal life

28
Q

What are the defining features of sociology in Canada? /4

A

geography and regionalism

focus on political economy

canadianization movement

radical nature

29
Q

What is sociology? /2

A

scientific study of human social behavior

understand the rules and regulations of a certain society

30
Q

Why is sociology hard to study (from a scientific standpoint)? /4

A

too many variables to make a well-constructed prediction that follows through

NOT PRECISE

each individual makes a choice based off personal reasons

ex. financial, internet, goals/dreams, lifestyle, etc.

31
Q

What are the 3 goals of sociology? /3

A

understand

predict

influence

32
Q

What is debunking? /3

A

sociological perspective never takes the social world at face value

never assumes that the social world is what it appears to be

recognizes that some ideas, values, and beliefs have more merit, logic or evidence than others

Individual and Society (12 decks)

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