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Individual and Society > Gender & Sexuality > Flashcards

Gender & Sexuality Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is sex? /2(5)

A

biological characteristics that distinguish people

focuses on anatomical differences related to:

  • reproduction
  • hormones
  • chromosomes
  • physiological components
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2
Q

What are the main categories of sex? /3

A

female

male

intersex

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3
Q

What is intersex?

A

bodies have both male and female characteristics

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4
Q

What is transsexual? /4

A

people who are born as one identifiable sex but experience an identity that is inconsistent with that assigned sex

undergo surgical modifications

hormonal interventions

wish to become the other sex

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5
Q

What is gender? /2

A

reflection of the social, cultural, and psychological traits

behaviours connected with being masculine or feminine

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6
Q

What are gender roles? /4

A

society’s expectations of how males and females should behave (socially defined)

socialization is the main determinant of gendered behaviour

defined differently depending on the culture

change over time

ex. men are stronger/taller, women can give birth

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7
Q

What is the gendered role in Canada? /2

EXAMPLE

A

at formal events, men must wear a suit

skirts or feminine clothing would not be an acceptable option

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8
Q

What is transgendered? /2

A

umbrella term for anyone whose gender identity is incongruous with the sex they were assigned at birth

the word “trans” is often favoured in the LGBTQ+ community

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9
Q

What is cisgendered? /2

A

individual’s experience of gender agrees with the sex assigned at birth

often abbreviated to simply “cis”

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10
Q

What is Two-Spirit? /2

A

individuals who possess qualities or fulfill roles of many genders

traditionally used by Indigenous peoples

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11
Q

What is sexuality? /6

A

particular kind of social interaction in which we express ourselves as sexual beings

encompasses both the biological and the social

biological, emotional, and social aspects

complex and rich area of human experience

as much variation as any other cultural norm

changes over time and across cultures

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12
Q

What is sexual orientation?

A

reflection of a person’s preference for sexual partners

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13
Q

What is heterosexual?

A

people who are sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex

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14
Q

What is homosexual?

A

people who are sexually attracted to people of the same sex

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15
Q

What is bisexual?

A

people who are sexually attracted to people of either sex

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16
Q

What is asexual?

A

people who are not sexually attracted to people of either sex

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17
Q

How do you measure sexual orientation (In Canada)? /2

A

behaviour - partner(s) are the same or of opposite sex

self-identification - asking to define their sexual identification

18
Q

Are children socialized to behave according to their assigned gender? /2

A

Yes

Toys are an example of gender socialization

19
Q

What does patriarchal mean?

A

arranged to benefit men more than women

20
Q

What is sexism? /2

A

prejudice and discrimination against women

result of patriarchy

21
Q

What proves sexism and patriarchy in society? /4

A

women generally earn less than men in the labour market

women typically do more housework

women are more likely to be victims of violence

women are underrepresented in STEM

22
Q

How are men and women perceived in the media? /5

A

prevalence of male lead characters

storylines center on male characters

female actors are often casted in supporting roles (love interest)

women are twice as likely than men to be seen in sexually explicit scenes

male characters more likely to be seen as violent

23
Q

What consequences does the media have on gender roles? /2

A

reinforce gender stereotypes

contribute to gender inequality

24
Q

What is gender inequality? /2

A

women are negatively affected by structural inequality

men benefit from the current social structure

25
Q

How does gender norms negatively affect men? /3

A

fragile/toxic masculinity

make it difficult for boys and men to navigate

limit their full potential as human beings (emotions)

26
Q

What is homophobia? /3

A

negative attitude towards homosexuals and homosexuality

results in the discrimination (both in law and according to social norms) in regards to same-sex relationships

lead to violence against people perceived to be homosexual

ex. considered a punishable crime by imprisonment in Canada until 1969

27
Q

What is the proportion of women in Canada’s labour force?

A

women = almost half of paid labour force

28
Q

Why is this the proportion for women? /2

A

most likely to work part-time

feel like they are ultimately responsible for the childrearing and taking care of the house

29
Q

What is the pay inequality between male and female?

A

women make $0.88 for every $1 a man makes

30
Q

Why is there a pay inequality between male and female? /3

A

human capital model assumes that men and women bring different natural skills to the workplace

women work less hours due to their domestic responsibilities

work done by women is considered less valuable than that of men

ex. men are mechanics, women are daycare workers

31
Q

What is the glass ceiling? /2

A

invisible barrier that prevents women from reaching the better and higher-paying job

male-dominated society that doesn’t allow women to hold upper-tier jobs or steers them away from such careers early in life

32
Q

Why is family a primary site of gender socialization? /2

A

teach you about gender (clothes, toys, chores, etc)

roles are often divided between the sexes

33
Q

What are the two distinct roles for adults in a family ? /2

A

instrumental

expressive

34
Q

What is the instrumental role? /3

A

male

focused on achieving success at work

enables men to provide for their family in a financial way

35
Q

What is the expressive role? /3

A

female

focused on the socialization of children

meeting the family’s emotional needs

36
Q

What has changed since the late 1990s? /4

A

women: 64% to 60% house work
women: 75% to 68% childcare work

women’s increase participation into the labour force

men more involved in the aspects of childrearing

37
Q

How do same-sex relationships tackle family?

A

division of work (paid, house, childcare) is far more equitable

38
Q

Why is a female lone-parent family severely vulnerable? /2

A

deterred from working due to a lack of available and affordable childcare

more likely to be poor and receive social assistance

39
Q

What is the difference if children are raised by same-sex parents? /2

A

there is no difference

lack of evidence

40
Q

How do same-sex partners get children? /2

A

assisted reproductive technology

adoption

Individual and Society (12 decks)

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