Social Thinking (CH10) Flashcards
A phenomenon where individuals like each other.
Interpersonal Attraction
Sharing one’s fears, thoughts and goals with another person and being met with nonjudgmental empathy. Engaging in this behavior deepens attraction and friendship.
Self-Disclosure
The phenomenon whereby people like others better when they believe the other person likes them. Researchers have shown that even if we disagree with someone on important issues, we will have increased interest in them if we have indications that they like us.
Reciprocal Liking
This says that people prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently.
Familiarity Effect (Mere Exposure Effect)
This states that we are more likely to respond to others aggressively whenever we are feeling negative emotions, such as being tired, sick, frustrated, or in pain.
Cognitive Neoassociation Model
What are some different forms of attachment?
- Secure Attachment
- Avoidant Attachment
- Ambivalent Attachment
- Disorganized Attachment
Is seen when a child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore, knowing that he or she has a secure base to return to. He or she will clearly prefer the caregiver.
Secure Attachment
Reults when the caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child. No preference is made between a stranger and the caregiver.
Avoidant Attachment
Occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectfully. A mixed response is given when the caregiver returns.
Ambivalent Attachment (AKA Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment)
Shows no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregiver’s absense or presence, but instead can show a mix of different behaviors.
Disorganized Attachment
The perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network.
Social Support
Listening, affirming and empathizing with someone’s feelings (ex. a card that says “I’m sorry for your loss”).
Emotional Support
Touches directly on affirming the qualities and skills of a person.
Esteem Support
Any type of financial or matieral contribution to another person.
Material Support (Tangible Support)
Refers to providing information that will help someone.
Informational Support
The type of social support that gives a person a sense of belonging.
Network Support
The selection of a mate based on attraction.
Mate Choice
Refers to how choosy members of the species are while choosing a mate.
Mate Bias
Observable traits that make a potential mate more attractive to the opposite sex.
Phenotypic Benefits
Development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population (ex. crabs building things to imitate food and attracting females).
Sensory Bias
A positive feedback mechanism in which a particular trait has no effect or a negative effect on survivial becomes more and more exaggerated over time (ex. the bright plumage of a peacock).
Fisherian (Runaway Selection)
Traits that signify overall good health and well-being of an organism, increasing its attactiveness to mates. Notably, these traits may or may not be genetic in origin.
Indicator Traits
The creation of mate pairs that, when combined, have complementary genetics.
Genetic Compatibility
The ability to vicariously experience the emotions of another, and it is thought by some social psychologists to be a strong influence on helping behavior.
Empathy
A form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself.
Altruism
One individual helps another person when he or she feels empathy for the other person, regardless of the cost.
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
A measure of an organism’s success in the population. This is based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability to then support others.
Inclusive Fitness
Expectations, impressions, and opinions about the characteristics of members of a group.
Stereotypes
Reflects the overall attitude and emotional response to a group.
Prejudice
Refers to differences in actions toward different groups.
Discrimination
Stereotypes can lead to expectations of certain groups of individuals. This expectation can create conditions that lead to confirmation of those expectations.
Self-Fulfilling Prophesy
Refers to the concept of people being concerned or anxious about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group. Can cause reduced performance, encouraging self-handicapping strategies, and lower one’s personal investment in an activity.
Stereotype Threat
A common way by which large organizations and political groups attempt to create prejudices in others.
Propaganda
Refers to the practice of making judgements about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture, especially when it comes to language, customs, and religion.
Ethnocentrism
Is the perception of another culture as different from one’s own, but with the recognition that the cultural values, mores, and rules of a culture fit into that culture itself (does not perceive rules as superior to those of other cultures).
Cultural Relativism
Occurs when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently.
Discrimination
