Social Thinking (CH10)

Question 1

A phenomenon where individuals like each other.

Answer 1

Interpersonal Attraction

Question 2

Sharing one’s fears, thoughts and goals with another person and being met with nonjudgmental empathy. Engaging in this behavior deepens attraction and friendship.

Answer 2

Self-Disclosure

Question 3

The phenomenon whereby people like others better when they believe the other person likes them. Researchers have shown that even if we disagree with someone on important issues, we will have increased interest in them if we have indications that they like us.

Answer 3

Reciprocal Liking

Question 4

This says that people prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently.

Answer 4

Familiarity Effect (Mere Exposure Effect)

Question 5

This states that we are more likely to respond to others aggressively whenever we are feeling negative emotions, such as being tired, sick, frustrated, or in pain.

Answer 5

Cognitive Neoassociation Model

Question 6

What are some different forms of attachment?

Answer 6

1. Secure Attachment
2. Avoidant Attachment
3. Ambivalent Attachment
4. Disorganized Attachment

Question 7

Is seen when a child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore, knowing that he or she has a secure base to return to. He or she will clearly prefer the caregiver.

Answer 7

Secure Attachment

Question 8

Reults when the caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child. No preference is made between a stranger and the caregiver.

Answer 8

Avoidant Attachment

Question 9

Occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectfully. A mixed response is given when the caregiver returns.

Answer 9

Ambivalent Attachment (AKA Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment)

Question 10

Shows no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregiver’s absense or presence, but instead can show a mix of different behaviors.

Answer 10

Disorganized Attachment

Question 11

The perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network.

Answer 11

Social Support

Question 12

Listening, affirming and empathizing with someone’s feelings (ex. a card that says “I’m sorry for your loss”).

Answer 12

Emotional Support

Question 13

Touches directly on affirming the qualities and skills of a person.

Answer 13

Esteem Support

Question 14

Any type of financial or matieral contribution to another person.

Answer 14

Material Support (Tangible Support)

Question 15

Refers to providing information that will help someone.

Answer 15

Informational Support

Question 16

The type of social support that gives a person a sense of belonging.

Answer 16

Network Support

Question 17

The selection of a mate based on attraction.

Answer 17

Mate Choice

Question 18

Refers to how choosy members of the species are while choosing a mate.

Answer 18

Mate Bias

Question 19

Observable traits that make a potential mate more attractive to the opposite sex.

Answer 19

Phenotypic Benefits

Question 20

Development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population (ex. crabs building things to imitate food and attracting females).

Answer 20

Sensory Bias

Question 21

A positive feedback mechanism in which a particular trait has no effect or a negative effect on survivial becomes more and more exaggerated over time (ex. the bright plumage of a peacock).

Answer 21

Fisherian (Runaway Selection)

Question 22

Traits that signify overall good health and well-being of an organism, increasing its attactiveness to mates. Notably, these traits may or may not be genetic in origin.

Answer 22

Indicator Traits

Question 23

The creation of mate pairs that, when combined, have complementary genetics.

Answer 23

Genetic Compatibility

Question 24

The ability to vicariously experience the emotions of another, and it is thought by some social psychologists to be a strong influence on helping behavior.

Answer 24

Empathy

Question 25

A form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself.

Answer 25

Altruism

Question 26

One individual helps another person when he or she feels empathy for the other person, regardless of the cost.

Answer 26

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

Question 27

A measure of an organism’s success in the population. This is based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability to then support others.

Answer 27

Inclusive Fitness

Question 28

Expectations, impressions, and opinions about the characteristics of members of a group.

Answer 28

Stereotypes

Question 29

Reflects the overall attitude and emotional response to a group.

Answer 29

Prejudice

Question 30

Refers to differences in actions toward different groups.

Answer 30

Discrimination

Question 31

Stereotypes can lead to expectations of certain groups of individuals. This expectation can create conditions that lead to confirmation of those expectations.

Answer 31

Self-Fulfilling Prophesy

Question 32

Refers to the concept of people being concerned or anxious about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group. Can cause reduced performance, encouraging self-handicapping strategies, and lower one’s personal investment in an activity.

Answer 32

Stereotype Threat

Question 33

A common way by which large organizations and political groups attempt to create prejudices in others.

Answer 33

Propaganda

Question 34

Refers to the practice of making judgements about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture, especially when it comes to language, customs, and religion.

Answer 34

Ethnocentrism

Question 35

Is the perception of another culture as different from one’s own, but with the recognition that the cultural values, mores, and rules of a culture fit into that culture itself (does not perceive rules as superior to those of other cultures).

Answer 35

Cultural Relativism

Question 36

Occurs when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a particular group to be treated differently.

Answer 36

Discrimination