Biology and Behavior (CH1)

Question 1

“Fight or Flight”

Answer 1

Sympathetic

Question 2

“Rest and Digest”

Answer 2

Parasympathetic

Question 3

What happens when the SNS is activated?

Answer 3

• Increased HR
• Blood to muscles
• Increased blood glucose
• Relaxes bronchi
• Decreased digestion and peristalsis
• Dilated pupils
• Epi released to blood

Question 4

A group of neural structures primarily associated with emotion and memory (aggresion, fear, pleasure and pain).

Answer 4

Limbic System

Question 5

Part of the brain that is associated with everything from language processing to problem solving, and from impulse control to long-term planning.

Answer 5

Cerebral Cortex

Question 6

A lower brain structure responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Answer 6

Medulla Oblongata

Question 7

A lower brain structure that contains sensory and motor pathways between the cortex and the medulla.

Answer 7

Pons (located above the medulla)

Question 8

A lower brain structure that helps maintain posture, balance and coordinates body movements.

Answer 8

Cerebellum

Question 9

Which colliculi receives which type of sensory input?

Answer 9

Superior Colliculus: Visual (Visual Reflex Rxns)

Inferior Colliculus: Auditory (Auditory Reflex Rxns)

Question 10

What does the telencephalon form?

Answer 10

• Cerebral Cortex
• Basal Ganglia
• Limbic System

Question 11

What does the diencephalon form?

Answer 11

• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Posterior Pituitary Gland
• Pineal Gland

Question 12

This involves placing several electrodes on the scalp to study electrical activity generated by larger groups of neurons.

Answer 12

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 13

This noninvasive procedure detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increased blood flow to different parts of the brain.

Answer 13

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF)

Question 14

A type of brain imaging that takes multiple x-rays at different angles and then is processed by a computer to make cross-sectional slice images of it’s tissue.

Answer 14

Computed Tomography (CT)

Question 15

A type of brain imaging that uses radioactive sugar injections. When the body absorbs this sugar, it’s dispersion and uptake throughout the target tissue is imaged.

Answer 15

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Question 16

A type of brain imaging that uses a magnetic field to interact with hydrogen. This allows hydrogen dense regions of the body to be mapped out.

Answer 16

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 17

A type of brain imaging that uses the same base technique as an MRI, but specifically measures changes associated with blood flow.

Answer 17

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Question 18

A neurotransmitter that is used by the efferent limbs of the Somatic Nervous System and the Parasympathetic Nervous System.

Answer 18

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 19

A catecholamine (monoamine/biogenic amines) that is involved in controlling alertness and wakefullness.

Answer 19

Epi/NorEpi

Question 20

A catecholamine (monoamine/biogenic amines) that plays an important role in movement and posture.

Answer 20

Dopamine

Question 21

A disease with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia.

Answer 21

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 22

A hypothesis that argues that delusions, hallucinations and agitation are associated with schizophrenia arise from either too much dopamine or from oversensitivity to dopamine in the brain.

Answer 22

Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

Question 23

A neurotransmitter that produces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (hyperpolarization) and is thought to play an important role in stabilizing neural activity of the brain.

Answer 23

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 24

A neurotransmitter that produces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (hyperpolarization) in the central nervous system. This allows for a chloride influx into the neuron.

Answer 24

Glycine

Question 25

A neurotransmitter that produces excitatory potentials in the central nervous system.

Answer 25

Glutamate

Question 26

Genetically programmed behavior as a result of evolution and is seen in all individuals regardless of enviornment or experience.

Answer 26

Innate Behavior

Question 27

Behaviors not based on heredity but instead on experience and environment.

Answer 27

Learned Behaviors

Question 28

The extent to which a trait or behavior positively benefits a species by influencing the evolutionary fitness of the species, thus leading to adaptation through natural selection.

Answer 28

Adaptive Value

Question 29

Rates that refer to the likelihood that both twins exhibit the same trait.

Answer 29

Concordance Rates

Question 30

A division of the brain that controls balance, breathing, digestion, and general arousal processes such as sleeping and waking. Contains the: medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum.

Answer 30

Hindbrain (AKA Rhombencephalon)

Question 31

A divison of the brain that receives sensory and motor information from the rest of the body. Contains the: superior and inferior colliculi.

Answer 31

Midbrain (AKA Mesencephalon)

Question 32

A division of the brain that is associated with complex perceptual, cognitive and behavioral processes. Contains the: Telencephalon and Diencephalon.

Answer 32

Forebrain (AKA Prosencephalon)