Social Interaction (CH9) Flashcards
Given involuntarily, based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background and so on.
Ascribed Status
Gained as a result of one’s efforts or choices.
Achieved Status
Status by which one is most identified; typically the most important status the individual holds and affects all aspects of that person’s life.
Master Status
The carrying out of behaviors associated with a given role.
Role Performance
Behaviors and expectations change as a result of the person with whom one is interacting with.
Role Partner
The various roles associated with a status.
Role Set
Difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of MULTIPLE roles.
Role Conflict
Difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the SAME role.
Role Strain
The dropping of one identity for another.
Role Exit
A group that is defined by association of self-selected equals around similar interests, ages and statuses. Provide an opportunity for friendship and feelings of belonging.
Peer Group
A group that is not self-selected but determined by birth, adoption, and marriage. It joins members of various ages, sexes, and generations through emotional ties.
Family Group
A group to which an individual belongs and can be contrasted to it’s opposite.
In-Group
A group where an individual competes or is in opposition.
Out-Group
Groups that establish the terms by which individuals evaluate themselves (ex. to determine how strong of a medical school applicant you are, you may consider yourself in relation to “this” group of all medical school applicants).
Reference Group
In this group, interactions are direct, with close bonds providing warm, personal, and intimate relationships to members. These usually last a long period of time.
Primary Group
In this group, interactions are superficial, with few emotional bonds. These usally last a short period of time.
Secondary Group
Is a technique for observing, classifying, and measuring the interactions within small groups.
Interaction Process Analysis
What are the three fundamental dimensions of interaction (according to SYMLOG)?
- Dominance vs. Submission
- Friendliness vs. Unfriendliness
- Instrumentally Controlled vs. Emotionally Expressive
Individuals are compliant with the group’s goals, even when the group’s goals may be in direct contrast to the individual’s goal.
Group Conformity
Occurs when members begin to focus soley on ideas gathered within the group, while ignoring outside perspectives.
Groupthink
Used to describe the observable pattern of social relationships amoung individuals or groups.
Network
Networks that are dense with strong ties (friends).
Immediate Network
Networks that are looser and contain weak ties (acquaintances).
Distant Network
Bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals. They exist outside of each individual’s membership.
Organization
The basic organization of society is found in its?
Characteristic Institution
A rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control.
Bureaucracy
This law states that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group.
Iron Law of Oligarchy
Commonly used to refer to a shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in societies.
McDonaldization
The process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors.
Self-Presentation
This was first established by Charles Darwin, and states that emotional expressions involve a number of components: facial expressions, behaviors, postures, vocal changes, and physiological changes. He also claimed that expression is consistent with his theories on evolution and should be similar across cultures.
Basic Model of Emotional Expression
This model accepts that there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced, but that there is a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression.
Appraisal Model
This model assumes that there is no biological basis for emotions. Instead, emotions are based on experiences and the situational context of social interactions alone.
Social Construction Model
Unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion.
Display Rules
A shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found amoung people sharing the same language and geography.
Cultural Syndrome
Refers to our attempts to influence how others perceive us. This is done through the regulation or controlling of information in social interactions (five strategies).
Impression Management
Describes who the person actually is, including both positive and negative attributes.
Authentic Self
Refers to who we would like to be under optimal circumstances.
Ideal Self
Refers to who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to other’s expectations of us.
Tactical Self
Erving Goffman described impression management by using the metaphor of a theatrical performance to describe how individuals create images of themselves in various situations (in the same way that actors perform roles in front of an audience).
Dramaturgical Approach
Where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image.
Front Stage
Where the individual is not in front of an audience and strives to preserve his desired image.
Back Stage
A group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography.
Gemeinshaft (Community)
A group unified by mutal self-interests in achieving a goal.
Gesellshaft (Society)
Sharing information about oneself to establish an indentity (factual information).
Self-Disclosure
Using props, appearance, emotional expresion, or associations with others to create a positive image.
Managing Appearences
Using flattery or conforming to expectations to win someone over.
Ingratiation
Making questionable behavior acceptable through excuses.
Aligning Actions
Imposing an identity onto another person.
Alter-Casting
