Social Interaction (CH9)

Question 1

Given involuntarily, based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background and so on.

Answer 1

Ascribed Status

Question 2

Gained as a result of one’s efforts or choices.

Answer 2

Achieved Status

Question 3

Status by which one is most identified; typically the most important status the individual holds and affects all aspects of that person’s life.

Answer 3

Master Status

Question 4

The carrying out of behaviors associated with a given role.

Answer 4

Role Performance

Question 5

Behaviors and expectations change as a result of the person with whom one is interacting with.

Answer 5

Role Partner

Question 6

The various roles associated with a status.

Answer 6

Role Set

Question 7

Difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of MULTIPLE roles.

Answer 7

Role Conflict

Question 8

Difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the SAME role.

Answer 8

Role Strain

Question 9

The dropping of one identity for another.

Answer 9

Role Exit

Question 10

A group that is defined by association of self-selected equals around similar interests, ages and statuses. Provide an opportunity for friendship and feelings of belonging.

Answer 10

Peer Group

Question 11

A group that is not self-selected but determined by birth, adoption, and marriage. It joins members of various ages, sexes, and generations through emotional ties.

Answer 11

Family Group

Question 12

A group to which an individual belongs and can be contrasted to it’s opposite.

Answer 12

In-Group

Question 13

A group where an individual competes or is in opposition.

Answer 13

Out-Group

Question 14

Groups that establish the terms by which individuals evaluate themselves (ex. to determine how strong of a medical school applicant you are, you may consider yourself in relation to “this” group of all medical school applicants).

Answer 14

Reference Group

Question 15

In this group, interactions are direct, with close bonds providing warm, personal, and intimate relationships to members. These usually last a long period of time.

Answer 15

Primary Group

Question 16

In this group, interactions are superficial, with few emotional bonds. These usally last a short period of time.

Answer 16

Secondary Group

Question 17

Is a technique for observing, classifying, and measuring the interactions within small groups.

Answer 17

Interaction Process Analysis

Question 18

What are the three fundamental dimensions of interaction (according to SYMLOG)?

Answer 18

1. Dominance vs. Submission
2. Friendliness vs. Unfriendliness
3. Instrumentally Controlled vs. Emotionally Expressive

Question 19

Individuals are compliant with the group’s goals, even when the group’s goals may be in direct contrast to the individual’s goal.

Answer 19

Group Conformity

Question 20

Occurs when members begin to focus soley on ideas gathered within the group, while ignoring outside perspectives.

Answer 20

Groupthink

Question 21

Used to describe the observable pattern of social relationships amoung individuals or groups.

Answer 21

Network

Question 22

Networks that are dense with strong ties (friends).

Answer 22

Immediate Network

Question 23

Networks that are looser and contain weak ties (acquaintances).

Answer 23

Distant Network

Question 24

Bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals. They exist outside of each individual’s membership.

Answer 24

Organization

Question 25

The basic organization of society is found in its?

Answer 25

Characteristic Institution

Question 26

A rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control.

Answer 26

Bureaucracy

Question 27

This law states that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group.

Answer 27

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Question 28

Commonly used to refer to a shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in societies.

Answer 28

McDonaldization

Question 29

The process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors.

Answer 29

Self-Presentation

Question 30

This was first established by Charles Darwin, and states that emotional expressions involve a number of components: facial expressions, behaviors, postures, vocal changes, and physiological changes. He also claimed that expression is consistent with his theories on evolution and should be similar across cultures.

Answer 30

Basic Model of Emotional Expression

Question 31

This model accepts that there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced, but that there is a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression.

Answer 31

Appraisal Model

Question 32

This model assumes that there is no biological basis for emotions. Instead, emotions are based on experiences and the situational context of social interactions alone.

Answer 32

Social Construction Model

Question 33

Unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion.

Answer 33

Display Rules

Question 34

A shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found amoung people sharing the same language and geography.

Answer 34

Cultural Syndrome

Question 35

Refers to our attempts to influence how others perceive us. This is done through the regulation or controlling of information in social interactions (five strategies).

Answer 35

Impression Management

Question 36

Describes who the person actually is, including both positive and negative attributes.

Answer 36

Authentic Self

Question 37

Refers to who we would like to be under optimal circumstances.

Answer 37

Ideal Self

Question 38

Refers to who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to other’s expectations of us.

Answer 38

Tactical Self

Question 39

Erving Goffman described impression management by using the metaphor of a theatrical performance to describe how individuals create images of themselves in various situations (in the same way that actors perform roles in front of an audience).

Answer 39

Dramaturgical Approach

Question 40

Where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image.

Answer 40

Front Stage

Question 41

Where the individual is not in front of an audience and strives to preserve his desired image.

Answer 41

Back Stage

Question 42

A group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography.

Answer 42

Gemeinshaft (Community)

Question 43

A group unified by mutal self-interests in achieving a goal.

Answer 43

Gesellshaft (Society)

Question 44

Sharing information about oneself to establish an indentity (factual information).

Answer 44

Self-Disclosure

Question 45

Using props, appearance, emotional expresion, or associations with others to create a positive image.

Answer 45

Managing Appearences

Question 46

Using flattery or conforming to expectations to win someone over.

Answer 46

Ingratiation

Question 47

Making questionable behavior acceptable through excuses.

Answer 47

Aligning Actions

Question 48

Imposing an identity onto another person.

Answer 48

Alter-Casting