Social Thinking Flashcards

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1
Q

interpersonal attraction

A
  • what makes people like each other
  • influenced by physical attractiveness, similarity of thoughts and physical traits, self-disclosure, reciprocity, & proximity
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2
Q

aggression

A

a physical, verbal, or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase social dominance

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3
Q

attachment

A
  • an emotional bond to another person
  • usually refers to the bond between a child and caregiver
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4
Q

secure attachment

A
  • requires a consistent caregiver
  • child shows a strong preference for the caregiver compared to strangers
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5
Q

avoidant attachment

A
  • occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child
  • child shows no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers
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6
Q

ambivalent attachement

A
  • occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectful
  • child will become distressed when caregiver leaves and is ambivalent when he or she returns
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7
Q

disorganized attachment

A
  • occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive
  • the child shows no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregiver’s absence or presence
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8
Q

social support

A

the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

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9
Q

emotional support

A

listening to, affirming, and emphasizing with someone’s feelings

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10
Q

esteem support

A

affirms the qualities and skills of the person

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11
Q

material support

A

providing physical or monetary support

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12
Q

informational support

A

providing useful information to a person

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13
Q

network support

A

providing a sense to belonging to a person

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14
Q

foraging

A

searching for and exploiting food resources

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15
Q

mating system

A

describes the way in which a group is organized in terms of sexual behavior

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16
Q

altruism

A

a helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself

17
Q

game theory

A

attempts to explain decision making between individuals as if they are participating in a game

18
Q

inclusive fitness

A

a measure of an organism’s success in the population based on how well it propagates its own genes

19
Q

social perception

A
  • the way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment
  • it contains a perciever, target, and situation
20
Q

social capital

A

the practice of developing and maintaining relationships that form social networks willing to help each other

21
Q

implicit personality theory

A

when we look at somebody for the first time, we pick up on one of their characteristics and assume other traits about the person based off of that one characteristic we first picked up on

22
Q

attribution theory

A

focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior

23
Q

dispositional

A
  • internal
  • causes of a behavior are internal
24
Q

situational

A
  • external
  • surroundings or context cause behavior
25
Q

correspondent inference theory

A
  • focuses on the intentionality of a person’s behavior
  • when someone unexpectedly does something that either helps or hurts us, we form a dispositional attribution
  • we correlate the action to the person’s personality
26
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions in regards to the actions of others

27
Q

attribution substitution

A

occurs when individuals must make judgements that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic

28
Q

actor-observer bias

A

tendency to attribute your own actions to external causes and others’ actions to dispositional causes

29
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

when stereotypes lead to expectations and those expectations create conditions that lead to confirmation of the stereotype

30
Q

stereotype threat

A

concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group

31
Q

cultural relativism

A

refers to the recognition that social groups and cultures should be studied on their own terms

32
Q

base rate fallacy

A

the error people make when they ignore the base rates (i.e., prior probabilities) when evaluating the probabilities (or frequencies) of events

33
Q

hindsight bias

A
  • “I knew all along”
  • refers to the tendency for a person to overestimate how well he or she could have successfully predicted a known outcome
34
Q

observer bias

A
  • happens when a researcher’s expectations, opinions, or prejudices influence what they perceive or record in a study
  • results are skewed when the observer’s knowledge of the experiment or participant influences the outcome
35
Q

hawthorne effect

A

modifying behavior when having knowledge of being observed