Social Processes, Attitudes, & Behaviors Flashcards
group psychology
social facilitation
describes the tendency of people to perform at a different level when others are around
group pyschology
deindividuation
a loss of self-awareness in large groups
group psychology
bystander effect
when in a group individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need
group psychology
peer pressure
the social influence placed on individuals by others they consider equals
group psychology
social loafing
an individual does not pull his or her weight in a group setting
group psychology
polarization
the tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme
group psychology
groupthink
the tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas
group psychology
culture
the beliefs, ideas, behaviors, acions, and characteristics of a group or society
group psychology
assimilation
- the process by which an immigrant or minority takes up elements of mainstream culture
- specific type of socialization
group psychology
multiculturalism
the encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity
group psychology
subcultures
a group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture
attitudes & behavior
attitudes
- tendencies toward expression of positive or negaitve feelings or evaluations of something
- attitudes has 3 components:
1. affective
2. behavioral
3. cognitive
attitudes & behaviors
functional attitudes theory
there are four functional areas of attitudes:
* knowledge
* ego expression
* adaptability
* ego defense
attitudes & behaviors
learning theory
attitudes are developed through forms of learning:
* direct contact
* direct interaction
* direct instruction
* conditioning
attitudes & behaviors
elaboration likelihood model
attitudes are formed and changed through different routes of information processing based on degree of elaboration:
* central route processing
* peripheral route processing
attitudes & behaviors
social cognitive theory
- attitudes are formed through watching others, personal facts, and the environment
- people change their behavior or attitudes based on observation
socialization
socialization
the process of internalizing the social norms and values expected in one’s society
socialization
sanctions
- positive: a reward for a certain behavior
- negative: a punishment for a certain behavior
socialization
formal sanction
an official reward or punishment
socialization
informal sanction
a sanction that is not enforced or punished by an authority but that occurs in everyday interactions with other people
ex) asking someone to lower their voice in a movie theater
socialization
norms
determine the boundries of acceptable behavior within a society
socialization
norms: mores
- informal norms with major importance for society and, if broken, can result in severe sanctions
- right/wrong
ex) drug abuse is not socially acceptable
socialization
norms: folkways
- informal norms that are less significant, yet they still shape our everyday behavior
- right/rude
ex) holding a door open for someone
socialization
taboos
considered unacceptable by almost every culture (like cannibalism or incest)
socialization
stigma
the extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on percieved differences form the rest of society
socialization
deviance
violations of norms, rules, or expectations in a society
socialization
differential association theory
- deviance can be learned through our interactions with others
- people commit crimes, at least in part, because of their associations with other people
socialization
conformity
changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society
socialization
compliance
when individuals change their behavior based on the requests of others
socialization
obedience
a change in behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure
