Social psychology things Flashcards
Role theory
is the perpective that people are aware of the social roles they are expected to fill, much of their observable behavior can be attributed to adopting those roles
Cognitive theory
perception, judgment, memories and decision making all effect our understanding of social behavior
Consistency Theories
Hold that people are consistent and will change or resist changing attitudes based on prefrence
Fritz Heider’s Balance Theory
People attempt to maintain balance between them and other objects, ideas and people and will seek to minimize states that are out of balance. Hence motivate behavior.
Leon Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The conflict you feel when you attitudes are not in sync with your behaviors. You will falsely attribute different moods post hoc to justify behaviors that are less desirable.
Free choice dissonance, post-decisional dissonance, forced-compliance dissonance
Where you make a choice between desirable alternatives, down play one in favor of the other (the one you chose).
Spreading of alternatives
Taking similar things, because you have to make a decision and spreading them apart
Daryl Bem’s Self Perception Theory
When your attitudes are weak or ambiuougs you observe your own behavior and attribute an attitude to yourself
Carl Hovland’s Model
Deals with attitude change as a process of communicating a meaning with intent to persuade them. Communicator, communication, and the situation. Credibility matters of source.
Sleeper effect (Carl Hovland’s Model)
Decreased effect of high credibility source in favor of the low credibility source
Two sided mesages
Putative “balanced” arguments are used for persuasion
Petty and Cacioppo’s Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
Two routes, central and peripheral: central is logical, follow arguments etc. peripheral is emotive and context oriented
Resistance to Persuasion
How people resist persuasion, analogy of inoculation.
Vulnrability of cultural truisms
Things that are seldom attacked are more vulnerable i.e. brushing your teeth
Refuted counter argumetns
Presenting refuted counter arguments (weakend attacks ahead of time) lessens the effect of truisims being attacked so easily
Try to hard to persuade someone and they choose the oppositte view
This is called reactance
Leion Festinger’s Social Comparison theory
we are drawn to affiliate because of the tendency to evaluate ourselves in relationship to other people. People change positions to line up with the group. People compare themselves to other people.
Reciprocity hypothesis
We tend to like people who indicate that they like us.
Gain-Loss Principle
We will like someone more if their liking for us has increased than someone whom has consistently liked us
Social Exchange/Equity Theory
The person weighs the costs and benefits of interacting with another. Equity theory posits we also weigh the cost and benefits of the other person and not just ourselves.
Individual Characteristics
We ted to affiliate with people whom are similar all aspects. Sometimes similarity dominates and sometimes complementarity dominates
Need complementarity
We choose relationships that mutually satisfy each others needs
Factors that effect selection
physical attractivness,
Attractivness sterotype
tendency to believe that physically attractive people have better characteristics
