Developmental Psychology things Flashcards

Question

Assimilation

Answer 1

Is the process of interpreting new information in terms of an existing schema

Answer 2

Occurs when new information doesn't really fit into existing schemata; it is the process of modifying existing schemata to adapt to this new information

Answer 3

Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete opreational Formal operational

Answer 4

Birth to age two Object permanence Primary (motions with the body) and secondary circular reactions (manipulate objects external to it) i.e. sucking on anything to satisfy hunger

Answer 5

2 to 7 years beginning of representational thought objects exist even though they cannot be perceived centration: the ability to focus on only one aspect of a phenomenon. Egocentrism Conservation of physical properties

Answer 6

7 to 11 can take perspective of others but are limited to working with concrete objects or information that is directly avail

Answer 7

Beginning to think like a scientist

Answer 8

Cognitive development is the child's internalization of various aspects of culture--rules, symbols, language etc

Answer 9

skills and abilities not fully formed but are in development, zone between a child's test alone and that with guidance from an adult.

Answer 10

the actual sound stem of language, must learn to actually separate the sounds of language from background noise.

Answer 11

distinguish between differences in sound that do not denote differences in meaning and those differences in sound that do denote differences in meaning.

Answer 12

Important precursor to language, even deaf children babble during their first year, child using sign language also babble with their hands

Answer 13

18 mo dozen words, by 20 mo usually starts combining words

Answer 14

overregulation/overgeneralization of words

Answer 15

Language acquisition device (Chomsky) triggered by exposure to language

Answer 16

Before puberty

Answer 17

Argue for inborn tendencies for langauge

Answer 18

sex or (life drive), psychodynamic perspective libidinal energy and the drive to reduce libidnal tension were underlying dynamic forces tha counted for human psychological processes

Answer 19

Oral 0-1 Anal 1-3 Oedipal stage 3 to 5 Genital stage begins at puberty (if previous stages have been resolved then the person will enter into normal heterosexual relations

Answer 20

Created a psychosocial theory of lifespan development, life is a series of crises. In each crisis there is possible favorable and unfavorable results 1. trust vs mistrust 2. autonomy vs shame and doubt 3. initiative vs guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. identity vs role confusion 6. intimacy vs isolation 7. generativity vs stagnation 8. integrity vs despair

Answer 21

Trust vs Mistrust, learns to trust his environment

Answer 22

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt, able to execute feeling of will and exercise choice, doubt and lack of control are unfavorable

Answer 23

Initiative vs guilt purpose, ability to initiate activities. Bad fears punishment, unduly restrict or become a show off.

Answer 24

Industry vs inferiority Child either feels competent or has low self-esteem and inadequacy

Answer 25

Identity vs role confusion: fidelity the ability to see onself as a unique and integrated person with sustained loyalties. Amorphous personality that shifts day to day

Answer 26

Intimacy vs Isolation: ability to maintain intimate relationships with others. Relegated to superficial relationships

Answer 27

generativity versus stagnation person becomes a productive caring member of society

Answer 28

integrity versus despair wisdom versus regrets

Answer 29

central aspect of personality, stable, pervasive across situations, heritable

Answer 30

Easy, slow to warm-up, difficult.

Answer 31

3 types, basic cry associated with hunger, angry cry associated with frustration, pain cry following a painful stimulus

Answer 32

One of the earliest social signals to develop, almost any face at first, then only familiar faces

Answer 33

Develops from undifferentiated to increasingly specific

Answer 34

Harry Harlow, John Bowlby, Mary Ainsowrth, Konrad Lorenz

Answer 35

rheus monkeys with surrogate, preferred terry cloth versus wire, wire monkeys were less social adept than

Answer 36

Studied children brought up in institutions. Different phases of attachment: pre-attachment, 3 mo discriminates between familiar and unfamiliar, at 6mo can be seen to be seeking out mother

Answer 37

Begins in the second year, by third year this usually resolves.

Answer 38

``` Strange situation procedure came up with 3 types: Insecure/avoidant (a) secure attachment (b) insecure/resistant (c) ```

Answer 39

Did a lot of work on Imprinting

Answer 40

Three phases of moral thought preconventional morality conventional morality post conventional morality

Answer 41

right and wrong are dictated by hedonistic tendancies

Answer 42

based on social rules, good girl, nice boy etc based on rules of authority

Answer 43

social contract orientation -- moral rules are seen as convention for the social good, finally universal ethical principles

Answer 44

Moral questions given in a narrative format

Answer 45

Strong Criticism of Kolberg: men and women adopt different perspectives on moral issues and that these differences stem from the different was in which boys and girls are raised. Kolbergs research was only done with Males

Answer 46

cognitive, mathematical, spatial and linguistic abilities

Answer 47

Gender labeling 2-3 years Gender stability 3-4 years Gender consistency 4-7 years

Answer 48

Martin and Halverson, as soon as children are able to label themselves they begin concentrating on those behaviors that sem to be associated with their gender and

Answer 49

Diane Baumrind: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive. Authoratitive children go on to being better socially and academically compotent

Answer 50

Fathers play more vigorously with their children than their mothers do.