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Famous Things in Psychology > Personality things > Flashcards

Personality things Flashcards

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1
Q

Somatotype personality

A

William Sheldon, enomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

Studied the mind through introspection

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3
Q

Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic theory

A

id, ego, superego, pleasure principle, primary process, dreams and wish fulfilment, secondary process, reality principle

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4
Q

Pleasure principle

A

whose aim is to discharge any energy build up i.e. relieve tension

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5
Q

The primary process

A

ID’s response to to frustration of obtain pleasure now and not later.

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6
Q

Wish fulfillment

A

The image of an object as part of the primary process

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7
Q

Ego

A

Takes into account the reality principle and secondary process of obtaining the wishes of the id

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8
Q

ID

A

Operates under primary process and pleasure principle

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9
Q

Reality principle

A

AIM is to satisfy the ID as dictated by the immediate surrounding environment

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10
Q

Superego

A

Strives for the ideal based on cultural conventions. It represents the moral branch. Two subsystems conscience and ego-ideal

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11
Q

Conscience

A

punishment i.e. guilt for improper behavior

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12
Q

Ego-ideal

A

When rewarded those memories feed the ego ideal

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13
Q

Instinct

A

innate physiological representation (wish) of a bodily (biological) excitation (need).

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14
Q

Eros

A

Life instinct

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15
Q

Thantos

A

Death instinct

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16
Q

Libido

A

Life energy which becomes the driver of energy that must be discharged

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17
Q

Increasing pressures results in egos coming to terms and the formation of..

A

Defense mechanisms

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18
Q

The unconscious forgetting of anxiety-producing memories

A

repression

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19
Q

Deliberate conscious form of forgetting

A

Suppresion

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20
Q

When a person attributes his forbidden urgest to others

A

Projection

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21
Q

A repressed wish is arded off by its diametrical opposite

A

Reaction formation

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22
Q

Developing a socially acceptable explanation for inappropriate behavior

A

rationalization

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23
Q

reverting to an earlier stage of development

A

regression

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24
Q

Transforming urges into socially acceptable behaviors

A

sublimination

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25
Q

pent up feelings are discharged on less dangerous objects than those causing feelings

A

Displacement

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26
Q

Carl Jung

A

Focused on interpersonal, sociological and cultural influences. Libido was psychic energy not just sexual

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27
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Powerful system that is hared among all humans considered to be a residue of experinces of our early ancestors. It includes all images that are a record of common experiences. Archetypes

28
Q

Archetypes

A

A thought or image that has an emotional element: persona (social mask), anima (feminine), animus (masculine)–genders, the shadow (animial instincts inherited in their evolution), Self–striving for unity is the point of intersection between the collective unconsciousness

29
Q

Tow major orientations

A

extroversion and introversion (outward focused) or inwardly focused

30
Q

Alfred Alder

A

Turned attention to social imperatives of family and society; creative self and stye of life, fictional finalism

31
Q

Creative self

A

force by wihc each individual shapes his or her self

32
Q

Style of life

A

Unique way of achieving superiority

33
Q

Karen Horney

A

Neurotic personality is governed by 10 needs. Primary concepts is that of basic anxiety. Child’s early perception of the self is important.

34
Q

Ego psychologists

A

Anna Freud: Ego is a separate thing with unique processing power and is not simply the slave of the superego and the ID.

35
Q

Object Relations Theory (psychodynamic theory)

A

Look at the creation of development of internalized objects in young children. Objects = other people.

36
Q

Psychodynamic treatment

A

Psychoanlaysis: hypnosis, free association, dream interpretation, resistance, transference

36
Q

Psychodynamic treatment

A

Psychoanlaysis: hypnosis, free association, dream interpretation, resistance, transference, counter-transference

37
Q

Behavorism and personality

A

Blended some psychoanalytic concepts and stimulus response reinforcement learning. Social Learning Theory (Bandura)

38
Q

Dogs with cells with high walls, floor was stimulated electronically. Initially the dogs would jump at the first shock but then stopped after it was to no avail. What theory explains this? Who discovered it?

A

Learned Helplessness: theory of depression. Martin Seligman

39
Q

What theory describes maladjustment and abnormal behavior as learned through interactions between people and the environment

A

Behavior Theory

40
Q

What theory explains approaches that try to change and restructure patient’s distorted and/or irrational thoughts.

A

Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression. and albert Ellis rational-emotive therapy.

41
Q

Name two cognitive therapies

A

Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression and Albert Ellis rational-emotive therapy

42
Q

Rational Emotive Therapy

A

People develop irrational ways of thinking. Challenge peoples thinking.

43
Q

When people substitute new symptoms for old ones, when the focus of therapy is solely on symptom relief. What is this called?

A

Symptom Substitution

44
Q

Humanism, what does it emphasize

A

internal processes rather than overt behavior. Focus on what distinguishes us from animals.

45
Q

What theory puts little stock in constraints on personalities such as fixed habits or structures

A

Lewin’s field theory. Personality is dynamic and constantly changing. Integrated system when functioning well but disintegrated when not functioning well.

46
Q

Who developed the concept of self acutalization

A

Abraham Maslow

47
Q

What is self actualization?

A

need to realize one’s fullest potential

48
Q

What did George Kelly contribute humanistic perspective?

A

Notion of the individual as a scientist, devises tests and predictions based on the result. With anxiety the person is having trouble constructing and understanding variables in his or her life.

49
Q

Client Centered Therapy

A

Carl Rogers: nondirective therapy. That people have the freedom to control thier own behavior and are neither slaves to the unconscious nor subjects of faulty learning; the psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives respectively.

50
Q

Who was in Nazi camps and contributed on the topic of man’s search for meaning

A

Victor Frankl

51
Q

What do trait type theorists seek to explain

A

Peoples personality by specific, stable traits.

52
Q

Type A trait

A

competitive and compulsive

53
Q

Type B trait

A

Laid back and Relaxed

54
Q

Factor Analysis was invented by who for what purpose

A

To discover common traits that people have. Raymond Cattell used this method of analysis.

55
Q

Critic of psychoanalysis and simplified the number of traits?

A

Hans Eysenck, introversion and extroversion added pychoticism later

56
Q

What are cardinal, central and secondary traits and who used a theory to describe them

A

Cardinal traits are traits around his or her life, central traits are easy to infer such as honesty or fatalism. Secondary personal characteristics are of a more limited occurance.

57
Q

Allports theory of functional autonomy, what is it?

A

For a given activity or form of behavior may become the end or the goal itself regardless of its orginial reason for existance. People do things for the enjoyment rather than functional correlations.

58
Q

Idiographic versus nomothetic approaches to personality

A

Idiographic focuses on individual case studies, nomothetic focuses on groups of individuals and tries to find commonalities between individuals

59
Q

What is the need for achievement?

A

People that get pride in their accomplishments. Avoid high risks and low risks, set realistic goals, and avoid goals of unlikely success

60
Q

Who researched the need for achievement?

A

David McClland

61
Q

What is the theory that links perception with personality?

A

Field-dependence, one pole specific responses to specific stimuli, versus diffuse response to a perceived mass or somewhat undifferentiated stimuli

62
Q

Internal versus External locus of control

A

People with internal locus of control can control their own destiny versus those with an external locus of control.

63
Q

Machiavellian personality

A

People whom are manipulative and deceitful. Tend to try to manipulate people whom are less machiaellian.

64
Q

Androgyny

A

Is the simultaneously very masculine and very feminine

65
Q

Who is the biggest critic of personality trait

A

Walter Mischel

Famous Things in Psychology (18 decks)

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