Social Psychology (4C) Flashcards
What is group?
An organized, stable collection of individuals in which the members are aware of an influence one another and share common identity
What is group dynamics?
How membership or participation in a group influences our thoughts and behaviours
What is an additive task?
It is when members perform parallel task. Productivity increases with group size.
EX: shovelling snow on a large parking lot; the more people the more efficient
What is a conjunctive task?
Group is only as productive as its weakest members
EX: hiking up a mountain with a group
What is a disjunctive task?
When a single solution is required, the most competent group member is likely to provide a solution
What is a divisible task?
When simultaneous performance of several tasks is needed, a larger group with a leader to coordinate tasks is optimal
What is social facilitation?
Improvement in performance because others are present . Operates for both psychical and mental tasks
What is social loafing?
Phenomena in which people extert less effort on a collective task than they would on a comparable individual task.
- It is also known as free riding
- It occurs large groups
- It occurs less in highly cohesive groups
- Displayed i we stern cultures more than eastern cultures
- Seen more in men then women
What is group polarization?
Initial attitudes become more intense and extreme with group interaction
EX: liking JB more after raving about him in a group
What is groupthink?
Faulty group decision making as a result of trying to hard to agree
What is altruism?
Self-sacrificing behaviour carried out for the benefit of others
what is egoistic helping behaviour?
Motivated by a desire to reduce one’s own personal distress or receive rewards
What is the bystander effect (Apathy)
The more people present, the less likely any one person will attempt to help
what is diffusion of responsibility?
we are less likely to assist in a lager group because reasonability to help is shared
What is aggression?
Broad range of behaviour as intended to harm others.
- There is a genetic component
- Associated with high levels of testosterone and low levels of serotonin
What is the frustration aggression hypothesis?
We become aggressive in response to frustration
Women and aggression?
Women usually participate in relational aggression
EX: snubbing, gossiping, and excluding from groups
Men and aggression?
Men usually participate in direct aggression
EX: verbal and physical abuse
What are the three levels of attraction
Behavioural, cognitive, and affective
What are the five key factors linked to liking
Liking is a fondness and affection for another person
1. Similarity
2. Proximity
3. self-disclosure
4. Situational factors
5. Physical attractiveness
What is secure attachment?
Are comfortable with dependable and do not fear becoming too close or being abandoned; 53% of adults
What is avoidant attachment in relationships?
Uncomfortable being close and having difficult trusting and deepening on others; 26% of adults
What is anxious-ambivalent attachment in relationships?
Insecure and worry that their partners do not really love them and will leave 20%
What does the orbitofrontal cortex do?
Responsible for social reasoning, reward evaluation, reading other people, eliciting emotional sates
what is the ventromedial prefrontal cortex?
It processes rewards and punishments, interpreting non-verbal social information, making social and moral assessments and decisions, feeling empathy
What is the insula responsible for?
Empathy and reading of others
What is the amygdala?
identity emotional facial expression of other people
It pays attentions so stimuli that may be unpredictable, potentially rewarding or potentially punishing
