Chapter 16: Treatment (7A) Flashcards
What is treatment or therapy?
It is systematic procedures designed to change abnormal behaviour into more normal behaviour
What are the three essential features of all therapies?
- A sufferer who seeks help
- A trained, socially accepted healer, who’s expertise is accepted by the sufferer and his social group
- A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer with the goal of changing attunes, emotional states, or behaviours.
What is psychotherapy?
A treatment in which a client and therapist use words and acts to over come psychological difficulties
What is biological therapy?
The use of physical and chemical procedures to help people overcome psychological difficulties
Who seeks therapy?
- Women used to outnumber men in therapy by four to one
- Men are more willing to enter therapy than before
- Members of ethnic minority groups tends to seek treatment for their psychological problems less often than members of the majority culture
Stigma
- There has been a significant reduction in the stigma associated with metal illness
- Perceptions of stigma play a role in people’s decisions about what’re to acknowledge their mental issues and to seek treatment
Where is treatment conducted?
- Public instructions, schools, private offices
Most people are treated as outpatients - Inpatients have serious psychological problems
- The Canadien Metal Health Act outlines patient rights and conditions for involuntary admittance to hospitals
What are psychotropic drug?
they are drugs that act (primarily) on the brain
What are some psychotropic drugs?
- Anti anxiety drugs
- Antidepressenants
- Mood-stabilizers
- Antipsychotics
What is ketamine?
An anaesthetic drug that that is now being touted by some as the drug of choice for high risk patients suffering from treatment-resistant mood disorders such as bipolar or major depressive disorder
What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
It is the use of electric shock to trigger a brain seizure in hopes of relieving abnormal functioning
1. Reduces depression in 70% of patients
2. Causes short-term memory problems
What is vagus nerve stimulation?
An implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to the left vagus nerve. That nerve then delivers electrical signals to the brain helping reduce depression in many people.
What is Transcranial magnetic stimulation?
It is a procedure used to treat depression. The electromagnetic coil is places on the patient’s head and sends current to the prefrontal cortex
What is Trephining?
Some historians believe that trephination was done to relapse evil spirits that were thoughts to be responsible for mental dysfunction
What is a lobotomy?
A surgical practice of cutting the connection between the frontal love and the lower centres of the brain
What is deep brain stimulation?
Implanted electrodes that deliver low does f electricity, used o treat depression Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy.
What are the strengths of biological approaches?
- Biological treatments often bring relief when other treatments have failed
- Research offers promising options
What are some criticisms to the Biological approaches?
- Undesirable side effects
- Does not consider interaction between biological and non-biological factors such as environments and experience
What doe psychodynamic therapies do?
They focus on past emotional trauma
What are some types of psychodynamic therapies?
Psychoanalysis
Short term psychodynamic therapy
Relational psychoanalytic therapy
What is free association?
Discussion initiated by client with therapists probing to uncover relevant unconscious events
What is resistance?
It is when client encounters a block in free associations or changes the subject to avoid pain
What is Transference?
When the client shifts actions and feelings for figures from childhood to therapist
What is Catharsis?
reliving of passed repressed feelings to resolve conflicts and overcome problems
What is working through?
Repeatedly examining an issue to improve clarity
What is short term psychodynamic therapy?
Clients focus on a single problem such as excessive dependence on other people. The therapist and client Center their discussions on this problems and work only on issues that relate to it.
What is psychoanalytic therapy?
Therapists are key figures in the lives of clines, figures whose reactions and beliefs should be directly included in the therapy process. Therapists should also disclose things a bout themselves particularly their own reactions to patients. Therapists should try to establish more equal relationships with clients as opposed to the distant analytic relationships typical of standard psychoanalysis
What are some strengths of psychodynamic approaches?
- First practitioner to demonstrate the value of systematically applying both theory and techniques to treatment
- First to suggest the potential of psychological instead of biological treatment
- their ideas have served as a starting point for many other psychological treatments
What are some criticisms of psychodynamic approaches?
The effectiveness is not supported by research
Who conducts therapy?
-psychologists
-psychiatrists
-counsellors
-psychiatric social workers
