Social Psychology Flashcards
unselfish concern for the welfare of others
altruism
feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in certain ways
attitude:
an inference regarding the cause of a person’s behavior or an interpersonal event
attribution
the tendency to mimic the postures, mannerisms, facial expressions, and other behaviors to match that of others in one’s current social environment
chameleon effect
we act to reduce discomfort when two of our thoughts are inconsistent resulting in a change in our attitude
cognitive dissonance
loss of individual identity for the betterment of the group
deindividuation
a bias or error in attributing cause for some event such that a perceived threat to oneself is minimized
defensive attribution
weakening of each group member’s obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared by all those present
diffusion of responsibility
an act, policy, practice, or social structure that creates, maintains, or reinforces an advantage for some groups and their members over other groups and their members
discrimination
occurs when a group of like-minded people reinforces each other’s opinions, positive or negative, and these opinions become more extreme as they’re discussed
group polarization
any group to which one belongs or with which one identifies, but particularly a group judged to be different from other groups
ingroup
understood rules for accepted and expected behavior, prescribing “proper” behavior
norm
behavior in compliance with a direct command, often one issued by a person in a position of authority
obedience
A group of people who do not belong to one’s own social group
outgroup
bias that devalues people because of their perceived membership in a social group
prejudice
behavior through which people benefit others, including helping, cooperating, comforting, sharing, and donating
prosocial behavior
the expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
reciprocity norm
the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
scapegoat theory
the physical outcome of a situation being influenced by our thinking, either positively or negatively
self-fulfilling prophecy
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
social exchange theory
your performance will increase when performing a task around other people
social facilitation
you have a diminished sense of effort when working in a group or with other people
social loafing
rules and standards that are understood by members of a group, and that guide or constrain social behaviors without the force of law
social norms
a cognitive structure of organized information, or representations, about social norms and collective patterns of behavior within society
social schema
Sternberg’s theory that defines love as the interplay of three components: intimacy, commitment, and passion
triangular theory of love
participants select a line out of three that matches the stimulus line/ subjects conformed ⅓ of the time when the confederates vote unanimously/ Conformity and Normative and Social influence
Solomon Asch
gave two different groups either $1 or $20 to kue about a boring task to future subjects/ $1 group changed their perception of the task from boring to interesting/ cognitive dissonance
Leon Festinger
studied why the Kennedy administration acted the way they did/ groupthink= occurs when members of a group are so driven to reach a unanimous decision that they no longer truly evaluate the repercussions of their decisions
Irving Janus
Teacher to apply electric shocks when the learner does not answer questions correctly/ 66% of subjects delivered what they thought to be a maximum of 450 volts/ obedience to authority figures
Stanley Milgram
Emergency situation created to test people’s helping behavior/ people when they think they are alone, but the larger the group present, the less likely anyone is to act/ diffusion of responsibility and bystander intervention
Bibb Latane and John Darley
teachers were told prior to the school year to expect certain kids to “bloom” academically during the year/ teacher expectations did come true- bloomers did prove more successful than non-bloomers/ self-fulfilling prophecy
Robert Rosenthal
developed the Triangular Theory of Love which defines love as the interplay of intimacy (emotional component and is characterized by feelings of closeness, emotional support, and connectedness), commitment (cognitive aspect of love and is characterized by decisions to be in and maintain a relationship), and passion (motivational aspect of a relationship and is characterized by arousal)
Robert Sternberg
simulate a prison setting at Standford U and assign roles of “prisoners” and “guards” to students/ simulation cut off in 6 days because of sadistic guards and ethical violations/ social roles
Philip Zimbardo
