Social Psychology

Question 1

unselfish concern for the welfare of others

Answer 1

altruism

Question 2

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in certain ways

Answer 2

attitude:

Question 3

an inference regarding the cause of a person’s behavior or an interpersonal event

Answer 3

attribution

Question 4

the tendency to mimic the postures, mannerisms, facial expressions, and other behaviors to match that of others in one’s current social environment

Answer 4

chameleon effect

Question 5

we act to reduce discomfort when two of our thoughts are inconsistent resulting in a change in our attitude

Answer 5

cognitive dissonance

Question 6

loss of individual identity for the betterment of the group

Answer 6

deindividuation

Question 7

a bias or error in attributing cause for some event such that a perceived threat to oneself is minimized

Answer 7

defensive attribution

Question 8

weakening of each group member’s obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared by all those present

Answer 8

diffusion of responsibility

Question 9

an act, policy, practice, or social structure that creates, maintains, or reinforces an advantage for some groups and their members over other groups and their members

Answer 9

discrimination

Question 10

occurs when a group of like-minded people reinforces each other’s opinions, positive or negative, and these opinions become more extreme as they’re discussed

Answer 10

group polarization

Question 11

any group to which one belongs or with which one identifies, but particularly a group judged to be different from other groups

Answer 11

ingroup

Question 12

understood rules for accepted and expected behavior, prescribing “proper” behavior

Answer 12

norm

Question 13

behavior in compliance with a direct command, often one issued by a person in a position of authority

Answer 13

obedience

Question 14

A group of people who do not belong to one’s own social group

Answer 14

outgroup

Question 15

bias that devalues people because of their perceived membership in a social group

Answer 15

prejudice

Question 16

behavior through which people benefit others, including helping, cooperating, comforting, sharing, and donating

Answer 16

prosocial behavior

Question 17

the expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Answer 17

reciprocity norm

Question 18

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Answer 18

scapegoat theory

Question 19

the physical outcome of a situation being influenced by our thinking, either positively or negatively

Answer 19

self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 20

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Answer 20

social exchange theory

Question 21

your performance will increase when performing a task around other people

Answer 21

social facilitation

Question 22

you have a diminished sense of effort when working in a group or with other people

Answer 22

social loafing

Question 23

rules and standards that are understood by members of a group, and that guide or constrain social behaviors without the force of law

Answer 23

social norms

Question 24

a cognitive structure of organized information, or representations, about social norms and collective patterns of behavior within society

Answer 24

social schema

Question 25

Sternberg’s theory that defines love as the interplay of three components: intimacy, commitment, and passion

Answer 25

triangular theory of love

Question 26

participants select a line out of three that matches the stimulus line/ subjects conformed ⅓ of the time when the confederates vote unanimously/ Conformity and Normative and Social influence

Answer 26

Solomon Asch

Question 27

gave two different groups either $1 or $20 to kue about a boring task to future subjects/ $1 group changed their perception of the task from boring to interesting/ cognitive dissonance

Answer 27

Leon Festinger

Question 28

studied why the Kennedy administration acted the way they did/ groupthink= occurs when members of a group are so driven to reach a unanimous decision that they no longer truly evaluate the repercussions of their decisions

Answer 28

Irving Janus

Question 29

Teacher to apply electric shocks when the learner does not answer questions correctly/ 66% of subjects delivered what they thought to be a maximum of 450 volts/ obedience to authority figures

Answer 29

Stanley Milgram

Question 30

Emergency situation created to test people’s helping behavior/ people when they think they are alone, but the larger the group present, the less likely anyone is to act/ diffusion of responsibility and bystander intervention

Answer 30

Bibb Latane and John Darley

Question 31

teachers were told prior to the school year to expect certain kids to “bloom” academically during the year/ teacher expectations did come true- bloomers did prove more successful than non-bloomers/ self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 31

Robert Rosenthal

Question 32

developed the Triangular Theory of Love which defines love as the interplay of intimacy (emotional component and is characterized by feelings of closeness, emotional support, and connectedness), commitment (cognitive aspect of love and is characterized by decisions to be in and maintain a relationship), and passion (motivational aspect of a relationship and is characterized by arousal)

Answer 32

Robert Sternberg

Question 33

simulate a prison setting at Standford U and assign roles of “prisoners” and “guards” to students/ simulation cut off in 6 days because of sadistic guards and ethical violations/ social roles

Answer 33

Philip Zimbardo