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AP Psych CIHS > Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

individual intentionally behaves in ways designed to prevent contact with phobic objects or situations

A

active avoidance

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2
Q

dread of the potential of the next panic attack

A

anticipatory anxiety

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3
Q

decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful acts (ex: sits for long periods of time with no interest)

A

avolition

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4
Q

structural brain abnormality where one side of the brain is different (size)( theory for the cause of schizophrenia)

A

brain asymmetries

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5
Q

trance-like state marked by loss of voluntary motion in which the limbs remain in whatever position placed even against gravity

A

catalepsy

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6
Q

the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient

A

comorbidity

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7
Q

the probability of one twin having the disorder if the other twin has already has it

A

concordance rate

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8
Q

shows unusual of prolonged levels of anxiety or depression (ex: getting nervous days before a test)

A

deviance

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9
Q

distinguishing between one illness from another

A

diagnosis

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10
Q

persistent thinking about one or more perceived deficits or flaws in appearance that appears minor or can not be seen by others

A

dysmorphic

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11
Q

mimicking another person’s speech

A

echolalia

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12
Q

mimicking another persons movements

A

echopraxia

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13
Q

delusion that another person is in love with the individual

A

erotomanic delusion

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14
Q

cause and development of illness

A

etiology

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15
Q

delusion of having some great talent or insight

A

grandiose delusion

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16
Q

abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attributed to the use of medication, not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning

A

hypomanic episode

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17
Q

delusion that his/her spouse is unfaithful

A

jealous delusion

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18
Q

person acts in ways that make other fearful or interferes with personal well-being(ex: drinking so much you can’t hold down a job)

A

maladaptiveness

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19
Q

abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attributed to the use of medication

A

manic episode

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20
Q

absence or reduction of speech, either voluntary or avolitional

A

mutism

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21
Q

sudden, unexpected intense fear response

A

panic attack

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22
Q

delusion that he/she is being conspired against, cheated, or spied upon

A

persecutory delusion

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23
Q

overwhelming and debilitating fear of an object, place, situation, feeling or animal (unrealistic or exaggerated sense of danger)

A

phobia

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24
Q

the proportion of a population who have a disease or health condition at a specific period of time

A

prevalence

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25
Q

forecast about probable course of an illness

A

prognosis

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26
Q

mental disorder in which a person loses the ability to recognize reality or relate to others

A

psychosis

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27
Q

the activity of expelling food that has just been ingested usually by vomiting in order to reduce or eliminate real or imagined weight gain

A

purging

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28
Q

delusion about bodily function or sensations

A

somatic delusion

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29
Q

state close to unconsciousness marked by extreme apathy (dazed)

A

stupor

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30
Q

compulsive sound or movement that is often difficult to control

A

tic

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31
Q

condition in which a person remains in a position for an unusually long time when placed by others/ light resistance to repositioning

A

waxy flexibility

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32
Q

genetic connection to schizophrenia

A

Irving Gottesman

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33
Q

DID(dissociative identity disorder) results from sociocultural factors, not trauma

A

Nicholas Spanos

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34
Q

field that studies the causes(etiology)of mental disorders

A

Epidemiology

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35
Q

show an unusual or prolonged levels of anxiety or depression (ex: getting nervous days before a test)

A

distress

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36
Q

act or talk in ways that are incomprehensible to other(ex: swallowing a fish in the cafeteria)

A

irrationality

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37
Q

erratic or inconsistent behavior( ex: the bipolar manager)

A

unpredictable

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38
Q

looks at abnormal behavior as a disease, began to replace torture and abuse

A

medical model

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39
Q

Biological- evolution, brain structure, DNA
Psychological- stress, trauma, mood-related perceptions
Social-Cultural- roles, expectation, normality

A

biopsychosocial approach

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40
Q

contains the most up to date criteria for diagnosing mental disorders with descriptive text, describing the prognosis for the individuals

A

DSM-5

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41
Q

abnormal behavior is rewarded and reinforced, thus it becomes established, abnormal behavior is learned

A

behavioral

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42
Q

abnormal brain function due to structural and/or chemical abnormalities in the brain

A

biological

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43
Q

irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking

A

cognitive

44
Q

failure to share ones full potential, people are unable to accept themselves

A

humanistic

45
Q

interaction with Id, Ego, and Superego responsible for disorder, unable to resolve intrapsychic conflicts

A

psychoanalytic

46
Q

a groups established behavioral norms define what is acceptable behavior

A

sociocultural

47
Q

all 3 are interconnected to create abnormally

A

Social-cognitive -behavioral

48
Q

the anticipation of a future threat

A

anxiety

49
Q

emotional response to a real, immediate threat

A

fear

50
Q

anxiety disorder characterized by reoccuring panic attacks as well as the constant worry of another attack occuring

A

panic disorder

51
Q

victims must have 3 recurring symptoms for at least 6 months: agitation, loss of energy, difficultly focusing, irratibility, muscle tension, difficulty sleeping

A

generalized anxiety

52
Q

characterized by an out of proportion fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

A

specific phobia

53
Q

fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possivle scrutiny by others

A

social anxiety disorder

54
Q

marked by active avoidance and fear of two of the following situations( public transportation, open spaces, enclosed places, crowds, being outside of the home alone)

A

agoraphobia

55
Q

consistent fear that is not attributed to the situation they are in

A

free-floating anxiety

56
Q

characterized by obsessions and compulsions are time-consuming (more than 1 hour per day) or case significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning

A

OCD(obessive-compulsive disorder)

57
Q

recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as unwanted that lead to anxiety or distress(thoughts of contamination, religious, perfectionism)

A

obessions

58
Q

repetitive behaviors or mental acts, that the individual feels driven to perform according to a self-imposed set of rules to reduce to prevent anxiety (hand washing, checking, praying, counting)

A

compulsions

59
Q

chronic difficulty in getting rid of possessions regardless of their value, stemming from a need to save items to avoid stress

A

hoarding disorder

60
Q

reoccurring memories, nightmares, vivid flashbacks, intense reactive distress in the presence of reminder cues, severe physiological reactions upon exposure to cues resembling aspects

A

intrusion symptoms

61
Q

avoid people, places, conversations, or memories

A

avoidance symptoms

62
Q

angry outbursts, reckless behavior, or hyper vigilance(detecting threats), problems concentrating or sleep disturbances

A

arousal symptoms

63
Q

(lasts for more than 1 month)exposure to actual threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, directly experiencing or witnessing the traumatic event, learning that a traumatic event has happened to a faily member or close friend

A

PTSD

64
Q

(lasts from 3 days to 1 month) same symptoms as PTSD and about 50% develop PTSD

A

Acute stress disorder

65
Q

neurotransmitter associated with anxiety

A

GABA

66
Q

5 or more symptoms(depressed mood most of the day, everyday, deminished interest in pleasurable activities, significant weightloss or gain, insomnia, fatigue, inability to concentrate, suicidal thoughts), impairment of social and occupational functioning

A

Major depression disorder

67
Q

depressed mood persists for more than 2 years, symptoms include at least 2 of the following( poor appetite or overeating, insomnia, fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration, feeling hopelessness)

A

persistent depressive episode disorder

68
Q

frequent outbursts over a period lasting at least 1 year with no more than a 3-month period without outbursts, 3+ outbursts weekly and individual’s mood is chronically irritable and angry(onset prior to 10)

A

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

69
Q

Episode characterized by five or more of the following symptoms lasting at least 2 weeks( feeling of sadness or hopelessness, diminished interest in pleasurable activities, significant weight loss, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, fatigue lasting the whole day, diminished ability to think of concentrate, recurrent thoughts of death)

A

major depressive episode

70
Q

eating disorder where people eat so little that they have unhealthy weight loss and become dangerously thin

A

anorexia nervosa

71
Q

eating disorder characterized by regular often secretive bouts of overeating followed by self-induced vomiting or purging

A

builimia nervosa

72
Q

frequently eating unusually large amounts of food in one sitting and feeling that eating beahvior is out of control

A

binge-eating disorder

73
Q

characterized by manic, hypomanic, and major depressive episodes

A

Bipolar 1

74
Q

at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode, but NO MANIC EPISODES, noticeable impairment occurs during the major depressive episode

A

Bipolar 2

75
Q

symptoms of hypomania and depression have appeared numerous times for a period of 2 years without being symptom free for any 2 consecutive months

A

Cyclothymic disorder

76
Q

abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attributed to the use of medication

A

Manic episode

77
Q

abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attrivuted to the use of medication, not sever enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning

A

Hyopomanic episode

78
Q

disregard for the rights of others, long standing pattern of irresponsible behavior that indicates a complete lack of conscience, formerly labeled as psychopaths, do not experience anxiety or shame and typically lie, steal, and fight

A

Antisocial personality disorder

79
Q

innability to maintain health social relationships( fear of abandonment)

A

Borderline personality disorder

80
Q

excessively emotional attention seeking(active sex life)

A

Histrionic personality disorder

81
Q

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

A

Narcissistic personality disorder

82
Q

distrust and suspicious of people

A

Paranoid personality disorder

83
Q

two or more distinct personality that involves a dsiruption in identity, recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information, and traumatic events that are inconsistent with normal forgetting

A

Dissociative identity disorder

84
Q

sudden inability to recall personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that can’t be explained by normal forgetting, episodes last days or years and can be reoccuring, retrograde amnesia only

A

Dissociative amnesia

85
Q

purposeful travel that is associated with amnesia of identity or important autobiographical information

A

dissociative fugue

86
Q

when a person has significant focus on physical symptoms, such as pain, weakness, etc to a point where they experience major distress or problems functioning

A

Somatic symptom disorder

87
Q

obession with the idea of having a serious but undiagnosed medical condition

A

Illness anxiety disorder

88
Q

a condition in which a person experiences physical and sensory problems, such as paralysis, numbness, blindness, etc with no underlying neurological cause

A

Conversion disorder

89
Q

fixed beliefs that are not open to change regardless of evidence

A

Delusion

90
Q

perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus, vivid and clear and not voluntary control, auditory are most common

A

Hallucination

91
Q

one or more delusions persisting for 1 month or longer, daily functioning is NOT significantly affected( persecutory is the most common delusion)

A

Delusional disorder

92
Q

at least 2 key psychotic symptoms with at least 1 being a delusion, hallucination, or disorganized speech, disturbance must last 6 months, level of daily function is greatly impacted, onset occurs between late teens and the mid-30s

A

Shizophrenia

93
Q

continuous psychotic symptoms present with major mood episodes(manic or major depressive), delusions or hallucinations present for at least 2 or more weeks

A

Schizoaffective disorder

94
Q

marked decrease in reactivity to the environment, 3 or more of the following(stupor, catalepsy, waxy flexibility, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerism, sterotypu, grimacing, echolalia, echopraxia)

A

catatonia

95
Q

mental illness in such a severe manner that a person can not distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis

A

insanity

96
Q

Experiment conducted to determine the validity of psychiatric diagnosis. The participants feigned hallucinations to enter psychiatric hospitals but acted normally afterwards. They were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and were given antipsychotic medication however did not take them, It is clear that we cannot distinguish the sane from the insane in psychiatric hospitals

A

Rosenhan’s study

97
Q

marked by incongruence between one’s expressed gender and assigned gender for at least 6 months, significant distress or impairmnet in social, school, or other important areas of functioning

A

Gender dysphoria

98
Q

repeated instances of activity with a 1-year period wherein the individual displays 3 of the following behaviors( aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, theft, serious violation of rule)

A

Conduct disorder

99
Q

pattern of angry mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months, disturbance is associated to the immediate social context

A

Oppositional defiant disorder

100
Q

persistent pattern of inattention or impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, inability to sustain interest in an activity or maintain mental focus required by a task, easily distracted and impatient, inability to sit still or remain quit(present before age 12)

A

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

101
Q

persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across a wide range of activities, limited ability to share emotions and interests of others, poor recognitions of verbal and nonverbal cues and gestures, repetitibe behaviors and patterns with fixation on particular interests(present in early developmental period, 2)

A

Autism spectrum disorder

102
Q

excessive clumsiness and awkwardness in motor skills significantly below accepted age-norms, tics

A

Motor disorders

103
Q

high levels of dopamine, antipsychotic medication lowers dopamine levels, (parkinson patients: exact opposite of schitzophrenia

A

Dopamine Hypothesis

104
Q

malnutrition or viral infection during pregnancy, oxygen deprivation or trauma during birth

A

how neurodevelopmental processes may be related to the development of schizophrenia

105
Q

decrease volume of the temporal lobe, enlargement of the ventricles, brain asymmetries, low frontal lobe activity, increase activity in the amygdala and thalamus

A

Structural abnormalities that may contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia

AP Psych CIHS (11 decks)

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